{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T08:55:50Z","timestamp":1763542550033,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondecyt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1221033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1221033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Torque teno virus (TTV) is a highly prevalent DNA virus in humans, but its role in carcinogenesis is not well understood. While human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established etiological agent in cervical cancer, co-infections with other viruses such as Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) or TTV may influence disease progression. We conducted a cross-sectional study using 94 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical tissue samples. These specimens were collected from women with cervical intraepithelial lesions (CINI-III) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. After extracting DNA, we screened for TTV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher\u2019s exact test. Of the 94 samples, 83 were positive for the human \u03b2-globin gene and included in the final analysis. TTV was detected in 12.0% (10\/83) of these samples. Among the TTV-positive cases, the virus was most frequently detected in high-grade lesions (70.0%), followed by low-grade lesions (20.0%) and squamous cell carcinoma (10.0%). However, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.688). This is the first study to assess TTV prevalence in cervical lesions among Chilean women. Although we found no statistically significant associations, a higher frequency of TTV was detected in precursor lesions compared to SCC. Further studies are needed to understand the potential immunomodulatory role of TTV in cervical carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262211039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:37:52Z","timestamp":1763131072000},"page":"11039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Cervical Precursor Lesions and Cancer in Chilean Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Venegas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncovirolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Arica 1000000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Moreno-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncovirolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Arica 1000000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Andrade-Madrigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncovirolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Arica 1000000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Arica 1000000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5744-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranc\u00e9s","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna Poniente 6315, La Florida 8240000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9619-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncovirolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Arica 1000000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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