{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:19:06Z","timestamp":1792793946641,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DOB-SZAFIR\/02\/B\/004\/02\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOB-SZAFIR\/02\/B\/004\/02\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Silesian University of Technology","award":["IDUB 32\/007\/SDU\/10-22-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDUB 32\/007\/SDU\/10-22-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implementation of novel antiviral coatings and textiles, which can be utilised in the production of personal protective equipment, has the potential to enhance public health security against future pandemic outbreaks. Respiratory viruses, particularly SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, have emerged as a major global concern due to their rapid transmission and high mortality rates, leading to nearly seven million deaths worldwide between 2020 and 2025. This statistic underscores the necessity for the development and implementation of advanced antiviral materials to prevent viral infections. This research focused on the in vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of three antibacterial compounds containing silver (Ag) that were functionalized with coatings. We assessed onsite synthesised Ag powder in comparison to commercially available antibacterial additives, which included nanosilver on colloidal silica (AgSiO2) and silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate (AgNaOPZr), as potential antiviral agents in coatings against human coronavirus (HCoV). Antiviral assessments revealed that coatings containing Ag at higher concentrations (2.5 and 5%) exhibited limited antiviral effectiveness, with a titer reduction in log &lt; 2. In contrast, the functionalization of AgSiO2 on coatings significantly suppressed viral replication resulting in a notable reduction in virus titer of log \u2265 2 for all tested concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262211068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:24:58Z","timestamp":1763375098000},"page":"11068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Features and In Vitro Assessment of Antiviral Activity of Organic Coatings Doped with Silver-Based Compounds Against Human Coronavirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maja A.","family":"Zaczek-Moczyd\u0142owska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Kopyci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Polymer Materials, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Hryniszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8649-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Osadnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Czech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6558-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"P\u0119cak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6678-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Markowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5948-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeid","family":"Ghavami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, 40-555 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Matus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8193-1987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Polymer Materials, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9518-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek J.","family":"\u0141os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Center, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001843","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001843","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Coronaviridae 2023","volume":"104","author":"Woo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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