{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:12:45Z","timestamp":1773155565093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) regulates steroidogenesis, redox signalling, and the vascular tone of the ovaries. Despite varying outcomes in previous studies, the prevalent NOS3 rs1799983 (Glu298Asp) polymorphism may influence endocrine function during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). On the retrieval day, we assessed follicular-fluid hormones, day-3 hormones, and controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) outcomes (follicles, oocytes, MII oocytes, embryos) in 62 antagonist IVF\/ICSI cycles classified by NOS3 genotype (GG\/GT\/TT). The outcomes for COS and early-cycle hormones were mostly consistent across all genotypes. A similar allele-dose pattern was seen for baseline oestradiol (GG &lt; GT &lt; TT), with heterozygous carriers displaying higher levels of follicular-fluid \u03b2-hCG relative to GG individuals. No changes were seen in follicle count, oocyte production, nuclear maturation, or embryo development. Baseline oestradiol and follicular \u03b2-hCG serve as the principal indications of the modest, context-dependent endocrine effects of the NOS3 rs1799983 polymorphism in antagonist cycles. To clarify the clinical significance of these intricate genotype-associated patterns, additional comprehensive, genotype-balanced investigations that include direct NO-pathway phenotyping are essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262211187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T15:03:15Z","timestamp":1763564595000},"page":"11187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping the Nitric Oxide Axis in IVF: Genotype Associations in Antagonist Cycles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9477-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos","family":"Voros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Chatzinikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Papadimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Polykalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despoina","family":"Mavrogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aristotelis-Marios","family":"Koulakmanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diamantis","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Athens Reproduction Center, 15123 Maroussi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Kanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-4305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriakos","family":"Bananis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Athens Reproduction Center, 15123 Maroussi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Athens Reproduction Center, 15123 Maroussi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9723-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis K.","family":"Papapanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Tsimpoukelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Anastasia","family":"Daskalaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Theodora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Thomakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2106-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Antsaklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Alexandra\u2019 General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Loutradis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Fertility Institute-Assisted Reproduction Unit, Paster 15, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the Cardiovascular System: In Physiology and in Disease States","volume":"15","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. 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