{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T05:31:37Z","timestamp":1763703097515,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":340,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-15-00113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-15-00113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by an uncontrolled increase in blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in cells of various tissues. Vascular complications in T2DM have an inflammatory nature. Drugs with different mechanisms of action have been developed and used to treat T2DM, initially aimed at controlling blood glucose levels. Among them, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) were developed as specific inhibitors of glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, but along with lowering blood glucose levels, they demonstrated multiple (including non-glycemic) positive effects in the treatment of T2DM related to their beneficial effects on the immune system. SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in patients with and without diabetes. SGLT2-is improve cardio-renal complications through a number of signaling pathways, including those dependent on the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their targets. The best-studied classes of ncRNAs are microRNAs, which are short (less than 200 bases) RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (more than 200 bases), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The regulatory effect of ncRNAs has broad physiological significance, and changes in the ncRNAs\u2019 expression are associated with the pathogenesis of different diseases, including T2DM. RNA-seq allows the construction of networks of interactions of lncRNA\/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA called competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, to identify clinically significant molecular markers, to improve the mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis, and to contribute to the development of new diagnostics and therapies. Our review summarizes the role of non-coding RNA in the action of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardio-renal complications in T2DM. We focus on methods of detection, genetics, and the effects of non-coding RNA. Specific attention is given to the role of non-coding RNAs in the inflammatory reactions of innate immune cells in relation to the SGLT2 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262211198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:44:53Z","timestamp":1763631893000},"page":"11198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-Coding RNA in Type 2 Diabetes Cardio\u2013Renal Complications and SGLT2 Inhibitor Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Rykova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), Lavrentjev Prospect 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Problems of Ecology, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630087 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Shmakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"The Laboratory of Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Damarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), Lavrentjev Prospect 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Merkulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), Lavrentjev Prospect 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kzhyshkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), Lavrentjev Prospect 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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