{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:11:28Z","timestamp":1788383488442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":200,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, characterized by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphoid precursors. The distinction between B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) is fundamental, as each subtype exhibits distinct cytomorphological, genetic, and clinical features influencing prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Conventional multi-phase chemotherapy has significantly improved survival rates, yet its efficacy is limited by severe short- and long-term toxicities, highlighting the need for more selective therapeutic approaches. Advances in molecular profiling have enabled the identification of key oncogenic pathways, paving the way for targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors, BCL-2 antagonists, and agents modulating epigenetic and cell cycle regulators. Concurrently, immunotherapeutic strategies have transformed the therapeutic landscape of pediatric ALL. Bispecific antibodies such as blinatumomab (anti-CD19), antibody\u2013drug conjugates like inotuzumab ozogamicin (anti-CD22), and monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab (anti-CD38) have demonstrated efficacy in relapsed or refractory disease with improved safety profiles. Moreover, CAR-T-cell therapy, particularly CD19-directed products, has shown unprecedented remission rates in refractory B-ALL. The integration of targeted and immune-based therapies into conventional regimens represents a decisive step toward precision medicine, aiming to enhance survival outcomes while reducing treatment-related toxicity and improving quality of life in ALL children. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of ALL pathobiology and therapeutic approaches, with particular emphasis on the expanding role of immunotherapeutic strategies in pediatric disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:50:20Z","timestamp":1764060620000},"page":"11362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maria Maddalena","family":"Marrapodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Di Paola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Di Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2530-3267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Argenziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9325-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9396-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Di Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Pota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33018-1","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"395","author":"Malard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00525-x","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"10","author":"Pagliaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000813","article-title":"IKZF1 deletions in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Still a poor prognostic marker?","volume":"135","author":"Stanulla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e577","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.53","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comprehensive review and 2017 update","volume":"7","author":"Terwilliger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.3301","article-title":"Phase I\/Phase II Study of Blinatumomab in Pediatric Patients With Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Locatelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28371","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28371","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"68","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2015.0153","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2015","volume":"13","author":"Alvarnas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.247031","article-title":"Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"105","author":"Inaba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29383","article-title":"New insights into the pathophysiology and therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"121","author":"Jabbour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05690","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of genetic alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"446","author":"Mullighan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Della Starza, I., Chiaretti, S., De Propris, M.S., Elia, L., Cavalli, M., De Novi, L.A., Soscia, R., Messina, M., Vitale, A., and Guarini, A. (2019). Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Technical and Clinical Advances. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00726"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2532","article-title":"The genomic landscape of hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Holmfeldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.70.7836","article-title":"Genetic Basis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"35","author":"Iacobucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a034835","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a034835","article-title":"The Biology of B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20431","article-title":"Molecular cytogenetic characterization of TCF3 (E2A)\/19p13.3 rearrangements in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"46","author":"Barber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06866","article-title":"BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia is characterized by the deletion of Ikaros","volume":"453","author":"Mullighan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00018-1","article-title":"Gene expression signatures define novel oncogenic pathways in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"1","author":"Ferrando","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toribio, M.L., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, S. (2023). Notch Partners in the Long Journey of T-ALL Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021383"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-06-580480","article-title":"Efficacy of JAK\/STAT pathway inhibition in murine xenograft models of early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"125","author":"Maude","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12882","article-title":"Outcome for children and young people with Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on a contemporary protocol, UKALL 2003","volume":"166","author":"Patrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102160","article-title":"Activating mutations of NOTCH1 in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"306","author":"Weng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21373","article-title":"CD19 negative precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)-Immunophenotypic challenges in diagnosis and monitoring: A study of three cases","volume":"92","author":"Ghodke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytom. Part B Clin. Cytom."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19370","article-title":"Relevance of CD20 antigen expression among paediatric patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"204","author":"Bommannan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2014073","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2014.073","article-title":"Diagnosis and subclassification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Chiaretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.243543","article-title":"The regulation and function of CD20: An \u201cenigma\u201d of B-cell biology and targeted therapy","volume":"105","author":"Pavlasova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e262","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13922","article-title":"Flow cytometry in leukaemic B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. New scores, same old concerns","volume":"44","author":"Sorigue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13621","article-title":"Clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A flow cytometry score for the initial diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Chandra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Lab. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22035","article-title":"Imaging flow cytometry reveals a subset of TdT negative T-ALL blasts with very low forward scatter on conventional flow cytometry","volume":"102","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytom. Part B Clin. Cytom."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401741","article-title":"BIOMED-1 concerted action report: Flow cytometric characterization of CD7+ cell subsets in normal bone marrow as a basis for the diagnosis and follow-up of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)","volume":"14","author":"Lucio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.08.002","article-title":"Genetic rearrangements in relation to immunophenotype and outcome in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"23","author":"Meijerink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.257","article-title":"Long-term results of five consecutive trials in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia performed by the ALL-BFM study group from 1981 to 2000","volume":"24","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5175","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.21.2514","article-title":"Improved early event-free survival with imatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A children\u2019s oncology group study","volume":"27","author":"Schultz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000163","article-title":"Clinical diagnostics and treatment strategies for Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Harvey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"4","article-title":"Treatment and biology of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"60","author":"Kato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int. Off. J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-560847","article-title":"Infection-related mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An analysis of infectious deaths on UKALL2003","volume":"124","author":"Bate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401939","article-title":"Children\u2019s Cancer Group trials in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 1983\u20131995","volume":"14","author":"Gaynon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10768.1","article-title":"Non-infectious chemotherapy-associated acute toxicities during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy","volume":"6","author":"Schmiegelow","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2014.12.009","article-title":"Risk analysis, diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal mucositis in pediatric cancer patients","volume":"94","author":"Kuiken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010802106564","article-title":"Infections in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An analysis of 222 febrile neutropenic episodes","volume":"25","author":"Bakhshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.125583","article-title":"Aggravated bone density decline following symptomatic osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"100","author":"Pluijm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090202","article-title":"Advanced vertebral fracture among newly diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of the Canadian Steroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) research program","volume":"24","author":"Halton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. Off. J. Am. Soc. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358723","article-title":"Osteonecrosis in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on Co-ALL-07-03 trial: A single centre analysis","volume":"226","author":"Kuhlen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Klin. Padiatr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.3217","article-title":"Prospective study on incidence, risk factors, and long-term outcome of osteonecrosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"29","author":"Pieters","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-311969","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenetic determinants of osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"117","author":"Kawedia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70274-7","article-title":"Effect of alternate-week versus continuous dexamethasone scheduling on the risk of osteonecrosis in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Results from the CCG-1961 randomised cohort trial","volume":"13","author":"Mattano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91621-0","article-title":"Seizures in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia patients","volume":"2","author":"Ochs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-022-05557-w","article-title":"Clinical features, predictors and outcome of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children with hematolymphoid malignancies","volume":"38","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv. Syst. ChNS Off. J. Int. Soc. Pediatr. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2021.12523","article-title":"Cognitive function of children and adolescent survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Mavrea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.041541","article-title":"Adverse psychological effects of corticosteroids in children and adolescents","volume":"90","author":"Stuart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.268565","article-title":"Methotrexate-related central neurotoxicity: Clinical characteristics, risk factors and genome-wide association study in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"107","author":"Mateos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813488675","article-title":"Long-term outcome and risk factors for uncontrolled seizures after a first seizure in children with hematological malignancies","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015aliwa-Tytko, P., Kaczmarska, A., Lejman, M., and Zawitkowska, J. (2022). Neurotoxicity Associated with Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105515"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sof\u00eda-Avenda\u00f1o-Lopez, S., Rodr\u00edguez-Mar\u00edn, A.J., Lara-Castillo, M., Agresott-Carrillo, J., Lara-Cort\u00e9s, L.E., S\u00e1nchez-Almanzar, J.F., Villamil-Cruz, S., Rojas-Rodr\u00edguez, L.C., Ariza-Salamanca, D.F., and Gaviria-Carrillo, M. (2024). Molecular, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Aspects of Corticosteroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Effects: From Bench to Bedside. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12092131"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1241","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1815","article-title":"Concurrent treatment of steroid-related mood and psychotic symptoms with risperidone","volume":"125","author":"Ularntinon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac095","article-title":"Persistence of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Despite Vincristine Reduction in Childhood B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"114","author":"Rodwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"59","article-title":"Late Adverse Effects after Treatment for Childhood Acute Leukemia","volume":"53","author":"Roganovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Medica Acad."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-024-00735-w","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Navigating Short-Term and Long-Term Effects and Optimal Regimen Selection","volume":"19","author":"Pourhassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1900719","article-title":"Characteristics of chemotherapy-induced diabetes mellitus in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients","volume":"21","author":"Suo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002619","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and Other Glycemic Measures Throughout Therapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma","volume":"45","author":"Demedis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70084","article-title":"Risk factors and clinical implications of hyperglycemia during induction therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"158","author":"Taher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"Cd008727","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression after treatment with glucocorticoid therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"11","author":"Rensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.105056","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency during treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms ER22\/23EK and BclI","volume":"99","author":"Gordijn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e513","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00136-8","article-title":"Severe toxicity free survival: Physician-derived definitions of unacceptable long-term toxicities following acute lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"8","author":"Attarbaschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28040","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28040","article-title":"Asparaginase formulation impacts hypertriglyceridemia during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"67","author":"Finch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008471","article-title":"Genetics of osteonecrosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and general populations","volume":"137","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2025.107694","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute Leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000733","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity During Maintenance Therapy and Prognosis in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"39","author":"Ebbesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01591-4","article-title":"Maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Basic science and clinical translations","volume":"36","author":"Toksvang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toksvang, L.N., Schmidt, M.S., Arup, S., Larsen, R.H., Frandsen, T.L., Schmiegelow, K., and Rank, C.U. (2019). Hepatotoxicity during 6-thioguanine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/535518"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.278166","article-title":"Increments in DNA-thioguanine level during thiopurine-enhanced maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"106","author":"Larsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018026211","article-title":"Inotuzumab: From preclinical development to success in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Wynne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e31828dc614","article-title":"Screening for coagulopathy and identification of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at a higher risk of symptomatic venous thrombosis: An AIEOP experience","volume":"35","author":"Santoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-021-04252-y","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism incidence and risk factors in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with and without pegylated E. coli asparaginase-containing regimens","volume":"87","author":"Kashanian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.484","article-title":"Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and asparaginase re-exposure in patients aged 1\u201345 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A NOPHO ALL2008 study","volume":"3","author":"Skipper","year":"2022","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060520986291","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520986291","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a young child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"e8674","article-title":"High-Dose Methotrexate in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Predictors of Delayed Clearance and the Effect of Increased Hydration Rate on Methotrexate Clearance","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2023.2272593","article-title":"The use of glucarpidase as a rescue therapy for high dose methotrexate toxicity\u2014A review of pharmacological and clinical data","volume":"19","author":"Kielbowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.06.017","article-title":"Acute methotrexate-induced crystal nephropathy","volume":"101","author":"Blum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-023-04525-8","article-title":"Impact of pre-hydration duration on high-dose methotrexate induced nephrotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in resource constraint centers: A randomized crossover study","volume":"91","author":"Khera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16096","article-title":"Navigating methotrexate toxicity: Examining the therapeutic roles of folinic acid and glucarpidase","volume":"91","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00130-1","article-title":"Evaluation of possible pharmacokinetic interaction between methotrexate and proton pump inhibitors in rats","volume":"72","author":"Ueda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016672035","article-title":"Interaction Between Low-Dose Methotrexate and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Penicillins, and Proton Pump Inhibitors","volume":"51","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2023.30.5.4","article-title":"A Review of L-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients with Regard to the Measurement of Anti-Asparaginase Antibodies and Their Genetic Predisposition","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malays. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S404695","article-title":"Evaluating the Frequencies of CNOT3, GRIA1, NFATC2, and PNPLA3 Variant Alleles and Their Association with L-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2021-1288","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions to asparaginase therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Immunology and clinical consequences","volume":"18","author":"Burke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02208","article-title":"Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From the NOPHO ALL2008 Treatment of Patients 1\u201345 Years of Age","volume":"38","author":"Rank","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inaba, H., and Pui, C.H. (2021). Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10091926"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-794214","article-title":"Preclinical efficacy of daratumumab in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"131","author":"Bride","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0801-5","article-title":"Advances in studies of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their acquired resistance","volume":"17","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.12.032","article-title":"The cardiotoxicity and myocyte damage caused by small molecule anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors is correlated with lack of target specificity","volume":"244","author":"Hasinoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.5868","article-title":"Effect of Dasatinib vs Imatinib in the Treatment of Pediatric Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.30","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of imatinib in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children\u2019s Oncology Group study AALL0031","volume":"28","author":"Schultz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104806","article-title":"Comparison of third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) ponatinib with first- and second-generation TKIs for treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review and bias-corrected meta-analysis","volume":"213","author":"Raza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01177-6","article-title":"FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib plus chemotherapy for newly diagnosed KMT2A-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children\u2019s Oncology Group trial AALL0631","volume":"35","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000700","article-title":"Larotrectinib in TRK fusion-positive pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Schewe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2022.106925","article-title":"Efficacy of ruxolitinib in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review","volume":"121","author":"Pastorczak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.63","article-title":"The genetics and mechanisms of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"16","author":"Belver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bongiovanni, D., Saccomani, V., and Piovan, E. (2017). Aberrant Signaling Pathways in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091904"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2018.10.001","article-title":"Can one target T-cell ALL?","volume":"31","author":"Ferrando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-706465","article-title":"The genetics and molecular biology of T-ALL","volume":"129","author":"Girardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279520","article-title":"Temsirolimus combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide for pediatric patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia Consortium trial (TACL 2014-001)","volume":"107","author":"Tasian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-019-00501-3","article-title":"Relapsed T Cell ALL: Current Approaches and New Directions","volume":"14","author":"McMahon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27062","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27062","article-title":"Phase I trial of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in combination with multi-agent chemotherapy in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"65","author":"Place","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lato, M.W., Przysucha, A., Grosman, S., Zawitkowska, J., and Lejman, M. (2021). The New Therapeutic Strategies in Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094502"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31630","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.31630","article-title":"Venetoclax Combined with Chemotherapy in Pediatric and Adolescent\/Young Adult Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"72","author":"Place","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1465","article-title":"Venetoclax and Navitoclax in Combination with Chemotherapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"Pullarkat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Follini, E., Marchesini, M., and Roti, G. (2019). Strategies to Overcome Resistance Mechanisms in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123021"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-574566","article-title":"ABT-199 mediated inhibition of BCL-2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"124","author":"Peirs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-14-0353","article-title":"Maturation stage of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia determines BCL-2 versus BCL-XL dependence and sensitivity to ABT-199","volume":"4","author":"Chonghaile","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.3041","article-title":"Venetoclax in association with decitabine as effective bridge to transplant in a case of relapsed early T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Zappone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"PO.19.00172","article-title":"Venetoclax and Bortezomib in Relapsed\/Refractory Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Pierini","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.09.608","article-title":"Clinical Experience With Venetoclax Combined With Chemotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"20","author":"Jabbour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e379","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000379","article-title":"Relapsed\/Refractory ETP-ALL Successfully Treated With Venetoclax and Nelarabine as a Bridge to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant","volume":"4","author":"McEwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01309-y","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of menin inhibition in acute leukemias","volume":"35","author":"Issa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"3488","article-title":"Revumenib for patients with acute leukemia: A new tool for differentiation therapy","volume":"109","author":"Salman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29999","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29999","article-title":"Phase 1b study of carfilzomib with induction chemotherapy in pediatric relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"69","author":"Burke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.185975","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and selumetinib are highly synergistic in RAS pathway-mutated childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia through upregulation of BIM","volume":"104","author":"Matheson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30609","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30609","article-title":"Palbociclib in combination with chemotherapy in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma: A Children\u2019s Oncology Group study (AINV18P1)","volume":"70","author":"Raetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01152","article-title":"Phase I or II Study of Ribociclib in Combination With Topotecan-Temozolomide or Everolimus in Children With Advanced Malignancies: Arms A and B of the AcS\u00e9-ESMART Trial","volume":"39","author":"Bautista","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30031-2","article-title":"Comparative features and outcomes between paediatric T-cell and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"20","author":"Teachey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-10-0034","article-title":"Evaluation of selective gamma-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 for its antitumor efficacy and gastrointestinal safety to guide optimal clinical trial design","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2010.09.004","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis and targeted therapies for NOTCH1-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Paganin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-11-0938","article-title":"Preclinical analysis of the \u03b3-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in combination with glucocorticoids in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Samon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611831114","article-title":"Synergistic antileukemic therapies in NOTCH1-induced T-ALL","volume":"114","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0802-x","article-title":"The anti-malarial drug chloroquine sensitizes oncogenic NOTCH1 driven human T-ALL to \u03b3-secretase inhibition","volume":"38","author":"Hounjet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-020-00187-x","article-title":"Advances of target therapy on NOTCH1 signaling pathway in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"23","article-title":"Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Toward a New Era of Targeted Immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Franquiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13741","article-title":"The pharmacology of blinatumomab: State of the art on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions and evaluation in clinical trials","volume":"47","author":"Mocquot","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.83","article-title":"CD34+CD38+CD19+ as well as CD34+CD38-CD19+ cells are leukemia-initiating cells with self-renewal capacity in human B-precursor ALL","volume":"22","author":"Kong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.6.2098","article-title":"A recombinant bispecific single-chain antibody, CD19 x CD3, induces rapid and high lymphoma-directed cytotoxicity by unstimulated T lymphocytes","volume":"95","author":"Kufer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132706","article-title":"T cell activation","volume":"27","author":"Koretzky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.11.014","article-title":"Mode of cytotoxic action of T cell-engaging BiTE antibody MT110","volume":"214","author":"Haas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-0760-1","article-title":"Benefit-Risk Assessment of Blinatumomab in the Treatment of Relapsed\/Refractory B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"42","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190902943077","article-title":"Immunotherapy of lymphoma and leukemia with T-cell engaging BiTE antibody blinatumomab","volume":"50","author":"Nagorsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"5","article-title":"Clinical and pharmacologic aspects of blinatumomab in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"5","author":"Portell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158545","article-title":"Tumor regression in cancer patients by very low doses of a T cell-engaging antibody","volume":"321","author":"Bargou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-007-0298-z","article-title":"The effect of dexamethasone on polyclonal T cell activation and redirected target cell lysis as induced by a CD19\/CD3-bispecific single-chain antibody construct","volume":"56","author":"Brandl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-400515","article-title":"Immunopharmacologic response of patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia to continuous infusion of T cell-engaging CD19\/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody blinatumomab","volume":"119","author":"Klinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0612","article-title":"FDA Approval: Blinatumomab","volume":"21","author":"Przepiorka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005579","article-title":"Blinatumomab in pediatric relapsed\/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: RIALTO expanded access study final analysis","volume":"6","author":"Locatelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00766-7","article-title":"Real-world use of blinatumomab in adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in clinical practice: Results from the NEUF study","volume":"13","author":"Boissel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0669","article-title":"Effect of Postreinduction Therapy Consolidation With Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Disease-Free Survival in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With First Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0987","article-title":"Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"Locatelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00261","article-title":"Outcome of Infants Younger Than 1 Year With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With the Interfant-06 Protocol: Results From an International Phase III Randomized Study","volume":"37","author":"Pieters","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214171","article-title":"Blinatumomab Added to Chemotherapy in Infant Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"388","author":"Kotecha","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-181524","article-title":"Pediatric Patients with High-Risk B-Cell ALL in First Complete Remission May Benefit from Less Toxic Immunotherapy with Blinatumomab\u2014Results from Randomized Controlled Phase 3 Trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2017","volume":"142","author":"Schrappe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-10-532598","article-title":"Childhood high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: Results after chemotherapy or transplant from the AIEOP ALL 2000 study","volume":"123","author":"Conter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2411680","article-title":"Blinatumomab in Standard-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children","volume":"392","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2016272","article-title":"Dasatinib-Blinatumomab for Ph-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults","volume":"383","author":"Bassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13569","article-title":"Blinatumomab in pediatric patients with relapsed\/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"106","author":"Queudeville","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_151","first-page":"1373","article-title":"Update on long-term outcomes of a cohort of patients with TCF3::HLF-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with blinatumomab and stem cell transplantation","volume":"110","author":"Zeckanovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000001309","article-title":"Delivery of Care for Pediatric Patients Receiving Blinatumomab: A Children\u2019s Oncology Group Study","volume":"47","author":"Withycombe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.12.029","article-title":"Targeted inhibitors and antibody immunotherapies: Novel therapies for paediatric leukaemia and lymphoma","volume":"164","author":"Brivio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024493","article-title":"Daratumumab in pediatric relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma: The DELPHINUS study","volume":"144","author":"Bhatla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-023-01240-8","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Daratumumab","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12224","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies","volume":"6","author":"Ryman","year":"2017","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacomet. Syst. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0477-1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Daratumumab Following Intravenous Infusion in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma After Prior Proteasome Inhibitor and Immunomodulatory Drug Treatment","volume":"56","author":"Clemens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01120-4","article-title":"Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): An open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"387","author":"Lonial","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.577","article-title":"Clinical Implications of Complex Pharmacokinetics for Daratumumab Dose Regimen in Patients With Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"101","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0229","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Daratumumab for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma After One Prior Therapy","volume":"22","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2017.53.12.2737934","article-title":"Inotuzumab ozogamicin for the treatment of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"53","author":"Choudhry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubinstein, J.D., and O\u2019Brien, M.M. (2023). Inotuzumab ozogamicin in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Efficacy, toxicity, and practical considerations. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1237738"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.02.014","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies and immune therapies for adult precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"172","author":"Sikaria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-023-00454-7","article-title":"Targeting CD22 for B-cell hematologic malignancies","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00345-8","article-title":"Inotuzumab ozogamicin for relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Outcomes by disease burden","volume":"10","author":"DeAngelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32116","article-title":"Inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard of care in relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Final report and long-term survival follow-up from the randomized, phase 3 INO-VATE study","volume":"125","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012430","article-title":"Association of leukemic molecular profile with efficacy of inotuzumab ozogamicin in adults with relapsed\/refractory ALL","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2017.1347507","article-title":"New targeted therapies for relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"17","author":"Pierro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.07.010","article-title":"Coordinated roles for glycans in regulating the inhibitory function of CD22 on B cells","volume":"42","author":"Enterina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12402","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304888110","article-title":"CD22 ligand-binding and signaling domains reciprocally regulate B-cell Ca2+ signaling","volume":"110","author":"Obermeier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620715596715","article-title":"The clinical potential of inotuzumab ozogamicin in relapsed and refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04601-0","article-title":"Loss of CD22 expression and expansion of a CD22(dim) subpopulation in adults with relapsed\/refractory B-lymphoblastic leukaemia after treatment with Inotuzumab-Ozogamicin","volume":"100","author":"Reinert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007848","article-title":"A phase 1 study of inotuzumab ozogamicin in pediatric relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ITCC-059 study)","volume":"137","author":"Brivio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01693","article-title":"Phase II Trial of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in Children and Adolescents With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Children\u2019s Oncology Group Protocol AALL1621","volume":"40","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"3892","article-title":"Approaches for bridging therapy prior to chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic B-lineage leukemia in children and young adults","volume":"109","author":"Feuchtinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s44313-025-00077-3","article-title":"Atypical features of hepatic veno-occlusive disease\/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after inotuzumab ozogamicin in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"60","author":"Sung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Res."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13832","article-title":"Effect of inotuzumab ozogamicin on the QT interval in patients with haematologic malignancies using QTc-concentration modelling","volume":"85","author":"Hibma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcped.2025.100214","article-title":"How to use monoclonal antibody-based therapy in ALL","volume":"5","year":"2025","journal-title":"EJC Paediatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2023.284604","article-title":"Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells for children with relapsed\/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"109","author":"Locatelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-02146-y","article-title":"Revolutionizing cancer treatment: A comprehensive review of CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"40","author":"Dabas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, Y., Li, J., Zhao, X., Wu, Y., and Chen, L. (2024). CAR-T cell therapy: Developments, challenges and expanded applications from cancer to autoimmunity. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1519671"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02269-w","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: Current challenges and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Zugasti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0285-8","article-title":"CAR T-cells for T-cell malignancies: Challenges in distinguishing between therapeutic, normal, and neoplastic T-cells","volume":"32","author":"Alcantara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-02-629527","article-title":"A T-cell-directed chimeric antigen receptor for the selective treatment of T-cell malignancies","volume":"126","author":"Mamonkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-01-761320","article-title":"CD7-edited T cells expressing a CD7-specific CAR for the therapy of T-cell malignancies","volume":"130","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0065-5","article-title":"An \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d fratricide-resistant CAR-T for the treatment of T cell hematologic malignancies","volume":"32","author":"Cooper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01659-x","article-title":"Multinational retrospective analysis of bridging therapy prior to chimeric antigen receptor t cells for relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults","volume":"18","author":"Breidenbach","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0160-6","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Brahmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024012885","article-title":"Reinfusion of CD19 CAR T cells for relapse prevention and treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Myers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-021-00418-1","article-title":"Use of CAR T-cell for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment: A review study","volume":"29","author":"Sheykhhasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNerney, K.O., Diorio, C., Annesley, C., Gardner, R.A., Graham, A.K., Sanchez-Pinto, L.N., Ombrello, A.K., Talleur, A.C., Chaudhury, S., and Schultz, L.M. (2025). Management Practices of CAR T-cell-Related Inflammatory Toxicities: A Survey of Pediatric CAR T-cell Providers. Transplant. Cell. Ther.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.09.028"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2023.2023026","article-title":"Management of adverse events in young adults and children with acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia receiving anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy","volume":"58","author":"Yoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Res."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyriakidis, I., Vasileiou, E., Rossig, C., Roilides, E., Groll, A.H., and Tragiannidis, A. (2021). Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children with Hematological Malignancies Treated with Therapies That Target Cell Surface Antigens: Monoclonal Antibodies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapies. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030186"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martino, M., Alati, C., Canale, F.A., Musuraca, G., Martinelli, G., and Cerchione, C. (2021). A Review of Clinical Outcomes of CAR T-Cell Therapies for B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042150"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0075-2","article-title":"Management guidelines for paediatric patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy","volume":"16","author":"Mahadeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02262","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-Up of CD19-CAR T-Cell Therapy in Children and Young Adults With B-ALL","volume":"39","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01392","article-title":"Blinatumomab for First-Line Treatment of Children and Young Persons With B-ALL","volume":"42","author":"Hodder","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29562","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.29562","article-title":"Pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with blinatumomab in a real-world setting: Results from the NEUF study","volume":"69","author":"Locatelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00342-x","article-title":"Blinatumomab in pediatric patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of the RIALTO trial, an expanded access study","volume":"10","author":"Locatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.137380","article-title":"Consensus expert recommendations for identification and management of asparaginase hypersensitivity and silent inactivation","volume":"101","author":"Vrooman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/23\/11362\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:31:25Z","timestamp":1764135085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/23\/11362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":200,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262311362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262311362","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}}}