{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:41:49Z","timestamp":1792212109690,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/45\/N\/NZ7\/01417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/45\/N\/NZ7\/01417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/566516\/SPUB\/SP\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/566516\/SPUB\/SP\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LF15007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF15007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LF-ST-21-500005 Project 1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF-ST-21-500005 Project 1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LF-ST-21-500005 Project 6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF-ST-21-500005 Project 6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a commonly cultivated tropical fruit across the globe. It is known to be rich in carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, compounds that largely account for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Although the beneficial effects of mango phytochemicals have been widely documented, virtually no studies have investigated extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from mango fruit. In the presented work, we developed a workflow combining differential centrifugation, filtration, and size-exclusion chromatography for the isolation of EVs from mango pulp. The isolates were characterized in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles recommendations. The optimized size-exclusion chromatography column, packed with Sepharose CL-6B beads, enabled the recovery of a high-quality EV fraction, which was characterized in terms of physicochemical properties. Additionally, proteomic analysis identified 1084 proteins, many of which are associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory functions. These findings provide the first comprehensive characterization of mango-derived EVs and suggest that they may contribute to the biological activity traditionally attributed to mango consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:50:20Z","timestamp":1764060620000},"page":"11375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mango Fruits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8081-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ste\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Szaknis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Skowro\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Mielczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3552-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz S.","family":"Czyrski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8205-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luna","family":"Gade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8609-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0408-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"P\u0142oska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics\u2014Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7270-1592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Kalinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics\u2014Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11\/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-9197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Wielgomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0560-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Dziomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-019-01435-6","article-title":"Plant Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"257","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urz\u00ec, O., Raimondo, S., and Alessandro, R. 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Int."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/23\/11375\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:57:50Z","timestamp":1764061070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/23\/11375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262311375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262311375","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]}}}