{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:37:06Z","timestamp":1784806626133,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5x1000 SD 18\\19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5x1000 SD 18\\19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometrial cancers (ECs) are mainly adenocarcinomas arising from the uterine endometrium. In this work, we employed data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS)-based label-free quantification (LFQ-MS) proteomics to analyze the proteome of tissue washings collected from 25 control (CTRL) subjects, 25 patients with low-grade type 1 endometrial cancer (EC), and 24 patients with high-grade type 1 EC. Following quantification and statistical analysis, we identified 42 proteins able to discriminate CTRL from EC patients, and 151 proteins differentiating high-grade EC cases from low-grade EC cases. Notably, PRRC2A and SYDE2 effectively distinguished both EC patients from controls and advanced EC cases from low-grade EC cases. Validation by Western blot analysis in an independent cohort comprising 19 CTRL patients, 19 patients with low-grade EC, and 19 patients with high-grade EC confirmed the upregulation of PRRC2A and SYDE2. These proteins are implicated in the translocation of SLC2A4, the regulation of MECP2, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan pathways, all of which are associated with tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that DIA-based proteomic analysis of tissue washings enables the identification of potential biomarkers for endometrial cancer (EC). Moreover, this study highlights tissue washings as a promising biological fluid for biomarker discovery in EC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:31:52Z","timestamp":1764261112000},"page":"11498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA)-Based Proteomics for the Identification of Biomarkers in Tissue Washings of Endometrial Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Monasta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Capaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9853-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feras","family":"Kharrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3312-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Ciampechini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Balasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2127-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3668-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Golino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"National PhD Program in RNA Therapeutics and Gene Therapy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1069-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Campiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Aloisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8372-9355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Licastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8031-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blendi","family":"Ura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS \u2018Burlo Garofolo\u2019, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00130-0","article-title":"Endometrial 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