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One of these is the gut microbiome, a metabolically active \u201corgan\u201d with many roles in physiological processes that are linked to VD. Moreover, in recent years, the microbiota has been studied as a \u201ctarget\u201d in the treatment of various diseases, from gastrointestinal diseases to cardiovascular or even neuropsychiatric diseases. Thus, nutraceuticals may have an important role in modulating the gut microbiota and preventing or treating VD. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the possible intervention by using nutraceuticals (vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements) to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota and thus to reduce the risk of VD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1764576829000},"page":"11553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Vascular Physiology and Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3904-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Adriana","family":"Neag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9808-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liviu-\u0218tefan","family":"Moac\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Practical Abilities, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrada-Larisa","family":"Deac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Claudiu","family":"M\u0103gureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6805-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiana-Maria","family":"Vulturar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1306-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina Adina","family":"Todea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2004-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Gherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Dana","family":"Buzoianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8275-9621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Diana","family":"Gherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery-Practical Abilities, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5913-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florentina Claudia","family":"Militaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: Update from the GBD 2019 Study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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