{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:09:30Z","timestamp":1787926170652,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Innovation Foundation","award":["RS-2025-02222540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02222540"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NR070862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR070862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Torreya nucifera, a consumable botanical species native to the southern regions of Korea, has a history of ethnopharmacological application to treat inflammatory conditions. This study employed feature-based molecular networking and integrated with the GNPS database to separate and identify ten phenolic compounds from T. nucifera. We further investigated the therapeutic potential of these isolated compounds and their structural features in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. Protein\u2013protein interaction networks, constructed using compound\u2013target and disease-associated target data, identified NFKB1, RELA, and TNFRSF1A as key hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed inflammatory response as the most significantly modulated biological process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the NF\u2013kB signaling pathway is the most critical of the regulatory cascades influencing the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular docking studies verified strong binding affinities between the identified compounds and key target proteins. Furthermore, Western blot results validate that T. nucifera extract suppressed the LPS-activated NF\u2013kB signaling pathways by inhibiting p65 and I\u03baB\u03b1 phosphorylation. The results underscore the significance of T. nucifera and its anti-inflammatory properties in relation to rheumatoid arthritis, establishing a scientific basis to formulate plant-based products within functional foods, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic interventions targeting rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1764576829000},"page":"11629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrative Discovery Through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approaches of Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Torreya nucifera to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5448-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duc Dat","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Natural Cosmetics Science and Smart Beautytech Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9920-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thinhulinh","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinhquang","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3139-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soojung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Cosmetics Science and Smart Beautytech Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hwa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUMSUMBIO Co., Ltd., Nano Bio Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 123 Nanosandan-ro, Jangseong 57248, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon-Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUMSUMBIO Co., Ltd., Nano Bio Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 123 Nanosandan-ro, Jangseong 57248, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4187-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Natural Cosmetics Science and Smart Beautytech Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.301223.eaf","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis development","volume":"34","author":"Venetsanopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediterr. 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