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Although they differ in clinical presentation, shared immunopathogenic mechanisms place them at a molecular crossroads. Evidence of overlapping pathways has led to the development of targeted strategies including complement inhibition, FcRn antagonism, B-cell depletion, and the CAR-T cell approach. In this review, we analyze current knowledge regarding pathogenic mechanisms and their link to immunotherapy, extensively outlining both similarities and distinctions. We further discuss existing challenges, including diagnostic limitations and refractory disease variants, how technological advances have already addressed some of these issues, and where further progress is still needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:53:30Z","timestamp":1764856410000},"page":"11736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders at a Molecular Crossroad: Linking Pathogenesis to Targeted Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anca-Maria","family":"Florea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimela-Gabriela","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6862-5515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia Irene","family":"Davidescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan-Ovidiu","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bidkar, P.U., and Satya Prakash, M.V.S. 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