{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:21:08Z","timestamp":1779891668681,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016808","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3502Z20227204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20227204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fujian Aquatic Seed Industry Innovation and Industrialization Project","award":["2021FJSCZY03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021FJSCZY03"]}]},{"name":"Specialized Research Foundation of Fujian Provincial Department of Science & Technology of China","award":["2022R10130010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R10130010"]}]},{"name":"Specialized Research Foundation of Fujian Provincial Department of Science & Technology of China","award":["2023J011325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J011325"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vibrio harveyi (Vh) and Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) are major bacterial pathogens affecting farmed eels, but their comparative virulence mechanisms remain poorly characterized. This study combined histopathology and transcriptomic profiling to investigate organ-specific damage and host responses in American eels (Anguilla rostrata, 20 g per fish, for a total of 60 fish) following experimental infection with LD50 doses of Vh (strain HA_1, 7.5 \u00d7 104 CFU\/fish) and Vv (strain FJ_4, 5.0 \u00d7 105 CFU\/fish). Tissue samples from liver, kidney, and spleen were collected at 0, 36, and 60 h post-infection (hpi). Histopathological analysis revealed distinct injury patterns: Vh induced severe hepatic edema and necrosis, whereas Vv caused vacuolar degeneration and vascular congestion in the liver. In the kidney, Vv triggered acute necrosis and vacuolization by 36 hpi, while Vh-induced renal damage was delayed until 60 hpi. Transcriptomic analysis of spleen tissue identified 4779 and 1215 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Vh_36 vs. Vv_36 and Vh_60 vs. Vv_60 comparisons, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis associated these DEGs with 109 Gene Ontology (GO) terms\u2014mainly catalytic activity, biological regulation, and binding\u2014and 51 KEGG pathways, including \u201ctuberculosis\u201d and \u201cpathways in cancer\u201d. Differential alternative splicing (DAS) analysis further uncovered 1579 and 1214 DAS events originating from 12,482 and 12,316 splicing genes in the two comparisons. These were enriched in GO categories such as \u201cbinding\u201d, \u201ccellular process\u201d, and \u201ccell part\u201d, as well as KEGG pathways related to \u201csignal transduction\u201d, \u201cinfectious diseases\u201d, and \u201cimmune system.\u201d Protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis identified 119 cross-DAS-encoded proteins, including 8 that were predicted as key regulators of virulence differences. In summary, this work presents the first integrative study comparing the pathogenicity and host transcriptional dynamics of Vh and Vv in American eels, providing new molecular insights into their distinct virulence strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1764931838000},"page":"11763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Underlies the Differential Virulence of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio vulnificus in American Eels (Anguilla rostrata)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9254-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0170-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songlin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-22997-8_6","article-title":"Environmental reservoirs of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and their role in disease: The list keeps expanding","volume":"1404","author":"Noorian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. 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