{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:04:47Z","timestamp":1785438287335,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histological healing is increasingly recognized as a sensitive marker of disease remission in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the dynamics of mucosal T lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokines during healing remain incompletely understood. In this paired, within-subject observational study (retrospective analysis of paired biopsies), colonic biopsy sets from 20 adult UC patients were analyzed during active inflammation and at a subsequent time point of histologic healing. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD3, CD4, CD8, and IL-6. Lymphocyte densities were quantified in intraepithelial and lamina propria compartments, while IL-6 expression was scored semi-quantitatively. Histological activity was assessed using the Geboes score. Intraepithelial CD4+ T cells significantly decreased during histologic healing (mean 6.8 \u2192 3.75 cells\/100 epithelial cells, p &lt; 0.05), whereas lamina propria CD4+ cells remained variably persistent, suggesting ongoing immune regulation. Intraepithelial CD8+ cells increased during remission, indicating a potential reparative or surveillance role. IL-6 expression markedly declined in epithelial and stromal compartments during healing, reflecting resolution of mucosal inflammation. Correlation analyses revealed enhanced coordination between CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the healing phase, consistent with immune homeostasis. Histologic healing in UC involves compartment-specific shifts in T lymphocyte populations and a marked reduction in IL-6 expression, reflecting coordinated immune regulation beyond clinical remission. These findings highlight the potential of combined cellular and cytokine biomarkers to monitor mucosal healing and guide immunomodulatory therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1764931838000},"page":"11773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Targeting Molecular Dysregulation in Ulcerative Colitis: A Paired Cellular Perspective on CD4+, CD8+, and IL-6 Immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana Elena","family":"Mirica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Insurance Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Medical Expertise and Recovery of Work Capacity, 050659 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Private Healthcare Network, Regina Maria, 011603 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Coman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4961-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"State","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Popp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miric\u0103, R.E., Matur\u0103, T.F., Craciun, E., and Pavel, D. 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