{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:35:35Z","timestamp":1792233335066,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"\u201cAssociazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IG-Grant 30717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-Grant 30717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"\u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies and requires more effective and targeted treatment strategies. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), receptors are expressed in approximately 80% of ovarian tumors, representing a promising target for targeted drug delivery. This narrative review aimed to explore the development and advancements of LHRH-receptor targeted therapies in ovarian cancer. A bibliographic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search strategy included studies on LHRH-peptide drug delivery systems and LHRH-conjugate nanosystems. Literature search covered in vitro studies, preclinical models, and ongoing clinical trials from 2000 to 2025. A total of 19 studies were included for peptide-drug delivery, and 30 studies were included for LHRH-conjugated nanosystems. Overall findings demonstrated enhanced preclinical efficacy, achieving ~50\u201380% tumor-growth inhibition and 2\u20134-fold higher cellular uptake, alongside reduced systemic toxicity. Early clinical studies, although limited, reported an overall response\/disease-control rate of approximately 50%, supporting improved tumor accumulation of drugs, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and diagnostic agents. Ovarian cancer-specific therapy, targeting LHRH receptors, represents a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further efforts in preclinical and clinical research are essential to refine personalized treatments and integrate them with a combination of therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T13:51:46Z","timestamp":1765288306000},"page":"11884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH)-Targeted Treatment in Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pallavi","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Hospital Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Ph.D. School in Translational Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7766-9031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Hospital Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5099-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Hospital Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Campagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Hospital Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0938-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Caserta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University Hospital Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Signore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Hospital Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayak, P., Bentivoglio, V., Varani, M., and Signore, A. 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