{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:37Z","timestamp":1787028577734,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["449\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["449\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental and economic concerns due to the increasing use of fossil-based chemicals, especially fuel, may be alleviated by production of renewable fuels based on plant biomass, in particular, waste. Multistep cascades of enzymatic reactions are being increasingly sought to enhance the effectiveness of sustainable, environment-friendly processes. The biochemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass and oils into fatty acid esters (\u201cbiodiesel\u201d) involves biomass pretreatment, followed by polysaccharide hydrolysis and sugar fermentation to alcohol, either sequentially or simultaneously. Subsequent trans-esterification with waste or non-food-based oils is usually carried out in an organic solvent. Biocatalysis in aqueous emulsion offers significant advantages. This study presents a novel \u201cone-pot\u201d emulsion-based process for transforming unmodified cellulose and castor oil into biodiesel via hybridized yeasts with cellulose-coated micro-particles incorporating cellulolytic enzymes and lipases. The resultant consolidated bioprocess of saccharification, fermentation, and transesterification (cSFT) promotes effective substrate channeling and can potentially serve as a model for emulsion-based \u201cone-pot\u201d transformations of cellulose into valuable chemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:20:57Z","timestamp":1765369257000},"page":"11902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Consolidated Saccharification, Fermentation, and Transesterification Process (cSFT) Converting Castor Oil to Biodiesel with Cellulose-Derived Ethanol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ester","family":"Korkus Hamal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilad","family":"Alfassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel 2161002, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry M.","family":"Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-5306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachin","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enchem.2024.100133","article-title":"Hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass towards low-carbon development: Production of high-value-added bioproducts","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"EnergyChem"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-022-04597-4","article-title":"A review on alternative raw materials for sustainable production: Novel plant fibers","volume":"29","author":"Seki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108265","article-title":"Exploitation of lignocellulosic-based biomass biorefinery: A critical review of renewable bioresource, sustainability and economic views","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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