{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:20:29Z","timestamp":1787239229127,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mersin University Scientific Research Projects Unit","award":["2019-1-TP3-3493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1-TP3-3493"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), involves complex mechanisms that include non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), alongside enzymes regulating serotonin metabolism. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) play critical roles in serotonin turnover and may contribute to intestinal inflammation. We investigated the expression of TPH1, MAOA, hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR-1276, and the lncRNA Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) in intestinal tissue biopsies and peripheral blood from pIBD patients and controls. TPH1 was significantly elevated in the inflamed transverse colon (p = 0.034), whereas MAOA was reduced in the ileum (p = 0.041) and descending colon (p = 0.001), with further decreases in inflamed ileum (p &lt; 0.001), ascending (p = 0.008), and descending colon (p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed decreased MAOA in the ascending colon of UC patients (p = 0.011). hsa-miR-194-5p was upregulated in the transverse colon (p = 0.015), inflamed transverse (p = 0.013) and descending colon (p = 0.015), and in blood of UC patients (p = 0.01). NEAT1 expression increased in the ascending colon (p = 0.042) but decreased in the ileum (p = 0.006). Correlation analysis showed strong positive associations between TPH1 and NEAT1 in the ileum (r = 0.945, p &lt; 0.01) and transverse colon (r = 0.609, p &lt; 0.01). These results highlight region-specific dysregulation of serotonin-related genes and ncRNAs in pIBD, with the TPH1\/miR-194-5p\/NEAT1 axis potentially contributing to disease pathophysiology and warranting further mechanistic investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1765383078000},"page":"11923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Expression Alterations and Correlative Analysis of TPH1\/hsa-miR-194-5p\/NEAT1 and MAOA\/hsa-miR-1276\/NEAT1 Axes in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Tughan","family":"Kiziltug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6191-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Emin","family":"Erdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8146-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahar","family":"Tasdelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferah","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Usta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101038","article-title":"The single-cell transcriptional landscape of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in pediatric-onset colitis","volume":"4","author":"Kokkinou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. 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