{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:53:56Z","timestamp":1780682036889,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) reflects both local periodontal inflammation and systemic conditions. This review highlights the role of oxidative stress, oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) as molecular links between periodontitis and metabolic disorders. Elevated GCF levels of oxLDL and apoB indicate enhanced vascular permeability and local oxidative modification, particularly in diabetes. Furthermore, oxLDL promotes the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) via connecting oxidative stress with immune-mediated tissue injury. These insights establish GCF as a valuable, non-invasive biomarker for understanding the interplay between periodontal and systemic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1765383078000},"page":"11924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Oxidised LDL to Potential Novel Applications in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Matsuo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Showa Medical University Graduate School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Ootani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Showa Medical University Graduate School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Showa Medical University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8044-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Itabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Showa Medical University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12367","article-title":"Maintaining a protective state for human periodontal tissue","volume":"86","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cimasoni, G. 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