{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:40:47Z","timestamp":1790293247847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tirzepatide is a long-acting agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, weight management in obese patients, or overweight patients with at least one weight-related comorbid condition. The clinical effects of tirzepatide are demonstrated by improved glycemic control, reduced overall appetite, decreased food intake, and body weight. Several studies indicated that the vasculoprotective effects and anti-atherosclerotic potential of tirzepatide extend far beyond glycemic control. Tirzepatide stimulates the mobilization and function of endothelial progenitor cells, which facilitates vascular repair and mitigates hyperglycemia-induced damage. Tirzepatide enhances the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, reduces the activity of endothelial activation molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, promotes vasodilation, and reduces peripheral vascular resistance. Furthermore, the drug inhibits inflammation by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2, and interleukin-6. Moreover, tirzepatide improves lipid profiles by decreasing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. By improving endothelial function, reducing inflammation, and lowering body weight, tirzepatide lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This article summarizes the data with special emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerotic and vasoprotective effects of tirzepatide, based on studies conducted to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T09:36:39Z","timestamp":1765791399000},"page":"12028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Beyond Diabetes: The Vasculoprotective Effects and Anti-Atherosclerotic Potential of Tirzepatide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2995-6148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Rzepi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tywoniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Jaraczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysheh","family":"Al-Shaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Wici\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Sk\u0142odowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2004","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: Early detection should be focused","volume":"7","author":"Hossain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes\u2014Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators (2023). 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