{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:55:15Z","timestamp":1791860115838,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI21\/00372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PT20\/00109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT20\/00109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) \u201cUna manera de hacer Europa\u201d from the European Union"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015496","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB18\/05\/0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB18\/05\/0037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Consolidated Groups from Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","award":["A19_23R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A19_23R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PRTR-C17.I1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRTR-C17.I1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Autonomous Community of Arag\u00f3n within the framework of the Biotechnology Plan Applied to Health"},{"name":"Ministerio de Universidades from Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","award":["FPU19\/05625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU19\/05625"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca"},{"name":"Consejeria de Salud de la Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma de la Regi\u00f3n de Murcia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for brain evolution and proper development and function of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibiting specific time-, spatial-, and sex-biassed expression patterns. This study investigated whether region-specific spatial expression patterns of brain-relevant lncRNAs are conserved between the mouse and human CNS. Demonstrating such cross-species conservation informs the translational value of mouse models for lncRNA biology. To test this, the expression of 14 lncRNAs was studied in the adult CNS of mice and humans across three different regions (spinal cord, brainstem, and frontal cortex), and age effects were assessed in mice. The results demonstrated conserved expression patterns between the two species, with region-specific changes. The frontal cortex exhibited high expression of Meg3, Miat, and Pvt1 lncRNAs, while the spinal cord showed high levels of Hotair and Gas5. Additionally, Malat1 displayed lower levels in females compared to males in the spinal cord compared to other regions. Finally, through GO functional enrichment analysis and literature review, this study emphasizes the role of lncRNAs in CNS physiology and disease, suggesting their involvement in neurological processes and conditions such as cortical development, neuronal synapsis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Overall, this research highlights the importance of further investigating the role of lncRNAs in brain function and their potential as key players in neurological disorders, opening the door to explaining the high region- and sex-specific effects of these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1765811708000},"page":"12069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Region-Specific Expression Patterns of lncRNAs in the Central Nervous System: Cross-Species Comparison and Functional Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9802-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tresa","family":"L\u00f3pez-Royo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgroFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3380-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Gasc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgroFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7277-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Moreno-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgroFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Mac\u00edas-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Aragon\u00e9s de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Arag\u00f3n (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Recombinant Proteins Department, Certest Biotec S.L., Pol. Industrial R\u00edo Gallego II, Calle J, 1, San Mateo de G\u00e1llego, 50840 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5740-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Zaragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgroFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgroFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5687-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Osta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgroFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hangauer, M.J., Vaughn, I.W., and McManus, M.T. (2013). Pervasive Transcription of the Human Genome Produces Thousands of Previously Unidentified Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs. PLoS Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003569"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.02.006","article-title":"Evolution and Functions of Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"136","author":"Ponting","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-021-09939-4","article-title":"Genomic and functional conservation of lncRNAs: Lessons from flies","volume":"33","author":"Amador","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2005.10.003","article-title":"Rapid evolution of noncoding RNAs: Lack of conservation does not mean lack of function","volume":"22","author":"Pang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.055","article-title":"Conserved function of lincRNAs in vertebrate embryonic development despite rapid sequence evolution","volume":"147","author":"Ulitsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Policarpo, R., Sierksma, A., De Strooper, B., and d\u2019Ydewalle, C. (2021). From Junk to Function: LncRNAs in CNS Health and Disease. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.714768"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponjavic, J., Oliver, P.L., Lunter, G., and Ponting, C.P. (2009). Genomic and transcriptional co-localization of protein-coding and long non-coding RNA pairs in the developing brain. PLoS Genet., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000617"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.043075.113","article-title":"Conserved expression of lincRNA during human and macaque prefrontal cortex development and maturation","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3980","article-title":"Single-cell analysis reveals transcriptional heterogeneity of neural progenitors in human cortex","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.110","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in nervous system function and disease","volume":"1338","author":"Qureshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, C., Luo, T., Zou, S., and Wu, A. (2018). The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Central Nervous System and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00175"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-013-9391-7","article-title":"Functional insights into the role of nuclear-retained long noncoding RNAs in gene expression control in mammalian cells","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chromosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.191122.115","article-title":"Linking RNA biology to lncRNAs","volume":"25","author":"Goff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-015-0561-6","article-title":"LncRNAs: Emerging players in gene regulation and disease pathogenesis","volume":"94","author":"Kazemzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-017-2711-z","article-title":"Forging our understanding of lncRNAs in the brain","volume":"371","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.045","article-title":"Mechanisms of Long Non-coding RNAs in Mammalian Nervous System Development, Plasticity, Disease, and Evolution","volume":"88","author":"Briggs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercer, T.R., Qureshi, I.A., Gokhan, S., Dinger, M.E., Li, G., Mattick, J.S., and Mehler, M.F. (2010). Long noncoding RNAs in neuronal-glial fate specification and oligodendrocyte lineage maturation. BMC Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-14"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.03.003","article-title":"Integration of genome-wide approaches identifies lncRNAs of adult neural stem cells and their progeny in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Ramos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.217463.116","article-title":"Annotation and cluster analysis of spatiotemporal- and sex-related lncRNA expression in rhesus macaque brain","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03380-3","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs expression and regulation across different brain regions in primates","volume":"11","author":"Navandar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadakkuzha, B.M., Liu, X.A., McCrate, J., Shankar, G., Rizzo, V., Afinogenova, A., Young, B., Fallahi, M., Carvalloza, A.C., and Raveendra, B. (2015). Transcriptome analyses of adult mouse brain reveal enrichment of lncRNAs in specific brain regions and neuronal populations. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00063"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Allen Institute for Brain Science (2025, June 17). Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. [Dataset]. Available online: https:\/\/mouse.brain-map.org\/."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Allen Institute for Brain Science (2025, June 17). Allen Human Brain Atlas. [Dataset]. Available online: https:\/\/mouse.brain-map.org\/."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2025.05.017","article-title":"LncRNA levels in the central nervous system as novel potential players and biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Rada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Allen Institute for Brain Science (2025, June 17). Allen Human Brain Atlas: Microarray. RRID:SCR_007416. Available online: https:\/\/human.brain-map.org."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9793-6","article-title":"The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"54","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08056-y","article-title":"LncRNA as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in glioma","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0812-2","article-title":"New insights into long noncoding RNAs and their roles in glioma","volume":"17","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00692-w","article-title":"Association of lncRNA with regulatory molecular factors in brain and their role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12093","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs in neurodevelopment and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Lyu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Models Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02899-z","article-title":"MALAT1 lncRNA and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The role in the Pathophysiology and Significance for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"59","author":"Abrishamdar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01900-z","article-title":"Expression of Linear and Circular lncRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"72","author":"Safari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canseco-Rodriguez, A., Masola, V., Aliperti, V., Meseguer-Beltran, M., Donizetti, A., and Sanchez-Perez, A.M. (2022). Long Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles and Inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202209.0204.v1"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107037","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.10.016","article-title":"Disruption of a large intergenic noncoding RNA in subjects with neurodevelopmental disabilities","volume":"91","author":"Talkowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12710","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA and its contribution to autism spectrum disorders","volume":"23","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.95","article-title":"Neurodevelopment, GABA system dysfunction, and schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Mao, X., Zhu, C., Zou, X., Peng, F., Yang, W., Li, B., Li, G., Ge, T., and Cui, R. (2022). GABAergic System Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.781327"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.05.002","article-title":"Molecular aspects of age-related cognitive decline: The role of GABA signaling","volume":"21","author":"McQuail","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0313-y","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid peptides and amyloid plaques in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Gouras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.382985","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0205-3","article-title":"Degeneration of spinal motor neurons by chronic AMPA-induced excitotoxicity in vivo and protection by energy substrates","volume":"3","author":"Netzahualcoyotzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0836-1","article-title":"Genomic encoding of transcriptional burst kinetics","volume":"565","author":"Larsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.04.025","article-title":"Altered gene expression in human placenta after suspected preterm labour","volume":"55","author":"Oros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D98","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1057","article-title":"EVLncRNAs 3.0: An updated comprehensive database for manually curated functional long non-coding RNAs validated by low-throughput experiments","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R, RStudio Team. Available online: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"ClusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"OMICS A J. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Gandrud, C. (2025, July 16). NetworkD3: D3 JavaScript Network Graphs from R, Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/networkD3."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/24\/12069\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T05:20:01Z","timestamp":1765948801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/24\/12069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262412069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262412069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]}}}