{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:14:32Z","timestamp":1791497672845,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Honeybee products (HBPs), including honey, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, propolis, beeswax, and bee brood, are increasingly used in food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic contexts. Because of their natural origin, HBPs can provoke allergic reactions ranging from localised dermatitis to life-threatening, systemic anaphylaxis. As the use of bee products for health purposes grows in apitherapy (a branch of alternative medicine), raising public awareness of their potential risks is essential. This narrative review synthesises the clinical manifestations of HBP allergy, culprit allergens present in each product, immunological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, at-risk populations, and knowledge gaps. The analysis of the available literature suggests that, although relatively rarely, HPB may trigger allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock. The sensitisation mechanism may be associated with both primary sensitisation and cross-reactivity and can be classified into type I (IgE-mediated) and type IV (T-cell-mediated). However, bee bread appears less allergenic than other HBPs, potentially due to lactic fermentation that can degrade allergenic proteins. Severe reactions following intake of bee bread have not been reported to date. Management of HBP allergic reactions centres on avoiding the products, educating about the risks, and providing more precise product labelling, specifying the allergen content. Individuals with atopy and beekeepers are at heightened risk of developing anaphylaxis; therefore, they should be particularly aware of the potential dangerous consequences of HPB use. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of HBP allergies and improve safety for all users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T08:46:52Z","timestamp":1765874812000},"page":"12074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ensuring the Safe Use of Bee Products: A Review of Allergic Risks and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Matuszewska-Mach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Borysewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Students Scientific Society, Rokietnicka 5 Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1211-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Kr\u00f3lak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, D\u0142uga 1\/2 Street, 61-848 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Juzwa-Sobieraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Carol Jonscher\u2019s Clinical Hospital, Szpitalna 27\/33 Street, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczuk, I., G\u0119bski, J., Stangierska, D., and Szyma\u0144ska, A. 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