{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:10:16Z","timestamp":1777896616862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["JP24K18590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K18590"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits a unique propensity to metastasize to bone, where it predominantly generates osteoblastic lesions. The formation of these lesions is a complex and dynamic process driven by reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in the establishment of metastatic colonies and disease progression, as well as in local tumor\u2013bone interactions. Through their diverse cargos, including proteins, lipids, and non-coding RNAs, EVs mediate bidirectional communication that regulates osteoclastogenesis, osteoblast activation, and osteocyte function, ultimately reshaping the bone niche to favor tumor growth. Importantly, EVs exhibit dual and context-dependent functions, acting either as promoters or suppressors of malignancy depending on the cellular source and microenvironmental context. These insights highlight EVs not only as mechanistic drivers of PCa bone metastases but also as promising therapeutic targets. Approaches aimed at modulating EV biogenesis, eliminating deleterious EVs, or harnessing EVs as drug delivery vehicles hold significant potential for advancing treatment strategies against PCa bone metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1766052416000},"page":"12160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Significance of EVs in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4970-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kagenori","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2599-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Urabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7508-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Egawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ochiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(83)91776-X","article-title":"Transferrin recycling in reticulocytes: pH and iron are important determinants of ligand binding and processing","volume":"113","author":"Harding","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem. 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