{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:08:30Z","timestamp":1771650510365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81974120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N25ZLH009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N25ZLH009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Construction Project of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory, China","award":["2022JH13\/10200026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JH13\/10200026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a spectrum of alcohol-induced disorders and represents a major global health challenge. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone involved in protein transport, apoptosis, cancer biology, and lipid metabolism. To explore its role in ALD, we used hepatocyte-specific BAP31 knockout mice (BAP31-LKO) and wild-type (WT) littermates exposed to ethanol to assess BAP31\u2032s biochemical and metabolic impact. Following ethanol exposure, BAP31-LKO mice exhibited elevated serum alanine transaminase (23.2%, p &lt; 0.05) and aspartate transaminase (31.4%, p &lt; 0.05) levels compared to WT mice. Increased malondialdehyde (8.5%, p &lt; 0.05) and reduced superoxide dismutase (22.8%, p &lt; 0.05) in BAP31-LKO mice indicate exacerbated liver injury. Furthermore, BAP31 deficiency increased triglyceride (35.7%, p &lt; 0.05) and free fatty acid (16.2%, p &lt; 0.05) accumulation following ethanol treatment, while the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, including Ppar\u03b1, Cd36, Fatp2, Cpt2, and Acox1, was reduced in BAP31-LKO mice. The mRNA levels of Xbp1, Xbp1s, and Chop, as well as protein levels of p-eIF2\u03b1, IRE1\u03b1, GRP78, and CHOP, were increased in BAP31-LKO mice compared to WT controls, indicating aggravated ethanol-induced ER stress. Hepatic glycogen content was also reduced in BAP31-LKO mice, along with reduced Ppp1r3c expression, demonstrating impaired glycogen synthesis. Consistently, BAP31 knockdown amplified ethanol-induced lipid accumulation, inflammation, impaired glycogen storage, ER stress, and suppression of Ppar\u03b1 signaling in HepG2 cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that BAP31 deficiency exacerbates ethanol-induced liver steatosis, inflammation, and liver injury by impairing fatty acid oxidation and glycogen synthesis, and by amplifying ER stress responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T13:45:07Z","timestamp":1766065507000},"page":"12173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["B-Cell Receptor-Associated Protein 31 Deficiency Aggravates Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis and Liver Injury via Attenuating Fatty Acid Oxidation and Glycogen Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shubin","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"},{"name":"Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jialin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00053.2024","article-title":"Recent advances in alcohol metabolism: From the gut to the brain","volume":"105","author":"Goldman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04166-8","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms and regulatory factors involved in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Zhang, Z., Xu, W., Yang, S., Zhao, J., Wu, Z., and Zhang, W. (2025). The Preparation of Black Goji Berry Enzyme and Its Therapeutic Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14030523"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Li, C., Ding, W., and Kong, D. (2025). Liver Organoid and Liver-On-A-Chip Platforms for Modeling Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Comparative Review. Adv. Healthc. Mater., e03273.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503273"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.08.007","article-title":"Liver Failure from Alcohol Takes on Several Forms: Decompensated Cirrhosis, Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure, and Alcohol-Related Hepatitis","volume":"30","author":"Im","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2025.08.004","article-title":"Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Novel Insights into Mechanism","volume":"30","author":"Maddur","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massey, V.L., and Arteel, G.E. (2012). Acute alcohol-induced liver injury. Front. Physiol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00193"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2025.112676","article-title":"Interrelationship between alcohol consumption, overnutrition, and pharmacotherapy for liver steatosis: Considerations and proposals","volume":"611","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R119000547","article-title":"Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"61","author":"Jeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02738-2","article-title":"Betaine in ameliorating alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis","volume":"61","author":"Rehman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Listenberger, L., Townsend, E., Rickertsen, C., Hains, A., Brown, E., Inwards, E.G., Stoeckman, A.K., Matis, M.P., Sampathkumar, R.S., and Osna, N.A. (2018). Decreasing Phosphatidylcholine on the Surface of the Lipid Droplet Correlates with Altered Protein Binding and Steatosis. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7120230"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G483","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00281.2023","article-title":"Interaction between fatty acid oxidation and ethanol metabolism in liver","volume":"326","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0534","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000534","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control in alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Thoudam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seitz, H.K., Moreira, B., and Neuman, M.G. (2023). Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Fatty Liver a Narrative Review. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202305.0606.v1"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todisco, S., Santarsiero, A., Convertini, P., De Stefano, G., Gilio, M., Iacobazzi, V., and Infantino, V. (2022). PPAR Alpha as a Metabolic Modulator of the Liver: Role in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050792"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"628","article-title":"Sustained activation of PPAR\u03b1 by endogenous ligands increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation and prevents obesity in ob\/ob mice","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.179689","article-title":"Fibrates, glitazones, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"30","author":"Lalloyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10621-x","article-title":"FXR overexpression prevents hepatic steatosis through inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome activation in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00888-8","article-title":"Hepatic glucose metabolism in the steatotic liver","volume":"21","author":"Scoditti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M056978","article-title":"Ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis is modulated by glycogen level in the liver","volume":"56","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G964","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00081.2015","article-title":"Chronic ethanol consumption disrupts diurnal rhythms of hepatic glycogen metabolism in mice","volume":"308","author":"Udoh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.04.008","article-title":"BAP31: Physiological functions and roles in disease","volume":"186","author":"Quistgaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2012.01348.x","article-title":"Contiguous ABCD1 DXS1357E deletion syndrome: Report of an autopsy case","volume":"33","author":"Iwasa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Off. J. Jpn. Soc. Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M077016","article-title":"Hepatocyte-specific deletion of BAP31 promotes SREBP1C activation, promotes hepatic lipid accumulation, and worsens IR in mice","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Yang, F., Jiang, S., Sun, X., and Xu, J. (2018). Induction of Liver Steatosis in BAP31-Deficient Mice Burdened with Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082291"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.17432","article-title":"Deacetylation of BAP31 by sirtuin 2 attenuates apoptosis of hepatocytes induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, in chronic alcoholic liver injury","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2014.2552","article-title":"Involvement of the IRE1alpha-XBP1 pathway and XBP1s-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in metabolic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.29054\/apmc\/2024.1594","article-title":"Preserving Hepatic Glycogen Stores: Investigating the Therapeutic Influence of Vitamin E in Alcoholic Liver Injury-Induced Intracellular Carbohydrate Depletion","volume":"18","author":"Wazir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Punjab Med. Coll."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117237","article-title":"Prunella vulgaris L. attenuates gut dysbiosis and endotoxin leakage against alcoholic liver disease","volume":"319","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020430","article-title":"New perspectives in the regulation of hepatic glycolytic and lipogenic genes by insulin and glucose: A role for the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c","volume":"366","author":"Foufelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.009","article-title":"Predominant role of sterol response element binding proteins (SREBP) lipogenic pathways in hepatic steatosis in the murine intragastric ethanol feeding model","volume":"45","author":"Ji","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.105361","article-title":"Fatty Acid Trafficking Between Lipid Droplets and Mitochondria: An Emerging Perspective","volume":"21","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2025.11.002","article-title":"Rewiring Lipid Metabolism: The Central Role of CPT1 in Metabolic Dysfunction","volume":"199","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.05.007","article-title":"Acetyl-CoA Derived from Hepatic Peroxisomal \u03b2-Oxidation Inhibits Autophagy and Promotes Steatosis via mTORC1 Activation","volume":"79","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20399","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha protects against alcohol-induced liver damage","volume":"40","author":"Nakajima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01210-9","article-title":"Pemafibrate modulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and prevents alcohol-associated liver disease in rats","volume":"31","author":"Saito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.04.132","article-title":"PPAR\u03b1 agonist WY-14,643 induces the PLA2\/COX-2\/ACOX1 pathway to enhance peroxisomal lipid metabolism and ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver in mice","volume":"613","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.005","article-title":"Activation of PPARalpha-catalase pathway reverses alcoholic liver injury via upregulating NAD synthesis and accelerating alcohol clearance","volume":"174","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.82178","article-title":"BAP31 depletion inhibited adipogenesis, repressed lipolysis and promoted lipid droplets abnormal growth via attenuating Perilipin1 proteasomal degradation","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612089","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/612089","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes","volume":"2010","author":"Rakhshandehroo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16282","article-title":"Alcohol and the mechanisms of liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21904","article-title":"Acute ethanol exposure inhibits insulin signaling in the liver","volume":"46","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.09.018","article-title":"Impairment of Akt activity by CYP2E1 mediated oxidative stress is involved in chronic ethanol-induced fatty liver","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2501519122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2501519122","article-title":"Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3C integrates cholesterol metabolism and isocitrate dehydrogenase in chondrocytes and neoplasia","volume":"122","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.08.066","article-title":"The Protein Phosphatase 1 Complex Is a Direct Target of AKT that Links Insulin Signaling to Hepatic Glycogen Deposition","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.09.040","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-mediated regulation of PPP1R3C promotes glycogen accumulation in human MCF-7 cells under hypoxia","volume":"584","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107332","article-title":"Regulation mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress on metabolic enzymes in liver diseases","volume":"207","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaf110","article-title":"Synergistic toxicity in alcohol-associated liver disease and PFAS exposure","volume":"208","author":"Stem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18536","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.726836","article-title":"Liver-specific Gene Inactivation of the Transcription Factor ATF4 Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Steatosis in Mice","volume":"291","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07907-3","article-title":"BAP31 represses endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and alleviates neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machihara, K., and Namba, T. (2019). BAP31 Inhibits Cell Adaptation to ER Stress Conditions, Negatively Regulating Autophagy Induction by Interaction with STX17. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111350"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw1386","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw1386","article-title":"BAP31 regulates mitochondrial function via interaction with Tom40 within ER-mitochondria contact sites","volume":"5","author":"Namba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01291-w","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets in alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-025-00079-3","article-title":"Key Transcription Factors: Avenue for Treating Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3091","article-title":"Points of significance: Replication","volume":"11","author":"Blainey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.36","article-title":"Replicates and repeats\u2014What is the difference and is it significant? A brief discussion of statistics and experimental design","volume":"13","author":"Vaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"eBioMedicine (2022). The 3Rs of Animal Research. eBioMedicine, 76, 103900.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103900"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.10.025","article-title":"Men and mice: Relating their ages","volume":"152","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2019.1646714","article-title":"Determining sample size adequacy for animal model studies in nutrition research: Limits and ethical challenges of ordinary power calculation procedures","volume":"71","author":"Ricci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677213501659","article-title":"Fasting of mice: A review","volume":"47","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.08.011","article-title":"Critical role of FoxO3a in alcohol-induced autophagy and hepatotoxicity","volume":"183","author":"Ni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, P., Chao, X., Ni, H.M., and Ding, W.X. (Am. J. Pathol., 2025). An Update on Animal Models of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease, Am. J. Pathol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.11.011"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M., Browne, W.J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I.C., and Dirnagl, U. (2020). The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000410"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1716","article-title":"Enhanced Nrf2 activity worsens insulin resistance, impairs lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, and increases hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient mice","volume":"61","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155080","article-title":"Asperosaponin VI protects alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and injury via regulating lipid metabolism and ER stress","volume":"121","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109087","article-title":"Understanding the effect of anthocyanin extracted from Lonicera caerulea L. on alcoholic hepatosteatosis","volume":"117","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Li, H.D., Xu, J.J., Li, J.J., Cheng, M., Meng, X.M., Huang, C., and Li, J. (2022). Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081035"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/24\/12173\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:33:49Z","timestamp":1766208829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/24\/12173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms262412173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262412173","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]}}}