{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:17:36Z","timestamp":1779283056875,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies due to late diagnosis, rapid progression, and frequent chemoresistance. Despite advances in targeted therapy, durable responses are uncommon, underscoring the need for novel multitarget agents capable of modulating key oncogenic networks. Medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan phytoalexin, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities; however, its molecular mechanisms in OC are poorly defined. This study employed an integrative in silico framework combining network pharmacology, pathway enrichment, molecular docking, and survival analysis to elucidate medicarpin\u2019s therapeutic landscape in OC. A total of 107 overlapping targets were identified, resulting in a dense protein\u2013protein interaction network enriched in kinase-mediated and apoptotic signaling pathways. Ten hub genes were emphasized: CASP3, ESR1, mTOR, PIK3CA, CCND1, GSK3B, CDK4, PARP1, CHEK1, and ABL1. Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses demonstrated substantial enrichment in the PI3K\u2013Akt\/mTOR and prolactin signaling pathways. Docking revealed the stable binding of medicarpin to CASP3 (\u22126.13 kcal\/mol) and ESR1 (\u22127.68 kcal\/mol), supporting its dual regulation of hormonal and apoptotic processes. Although CASP3 and ESR1 expression alone lacked prognostic significance, their network interplay suggests synergistic relevance. Medicarpin exhibits multitarget anticancer potential in OC by modulating kinase-driven and hormone-dependent pathways, warranting further experimental validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T09:58:34Z","timestamp":1766570314000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Identify Medicarpin as a Potent CASP3 and ESR1 Binder Driving Apoptotic and Hormone-Dependent Anticancer Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5413-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanisa","family":"Rattanapan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center (HTSRC), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirinya","family":"Sitthirak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Tedasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thitinat","family":"Duangchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center (HTSRC), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4765-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasaya","family":"Dokduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand"},{"name":"Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8706-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawanwat C.","family":"Pattaranggoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Muang 12000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0928-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krittamate","family":"Saisuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3524-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takol","family":"Chareonsirisuthigul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Epithelial ovarian cancer: Evolution of management in the era of precision medicine","volume":"69","author":"Lheureux","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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