{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:52:50Z","timestamp":1766710370736,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Ljubljana","award":["20220062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most prevalent glomerular illness in children. Even while immunologic processes are well-established, oxidative stress is becoming more widely acknowledged as a significant factor in the etiopathogenesis of illness. Assessing its activity and treatment response may be made easier with the use of trustworthy, non-invasive indicators to track redox balance. We report on the oxidative stress levels of a 10.7-year-old boy with INS with five clinical time points in one year. The FRAS5 analyzer was used to calculate the oxidative stress index (OSI), plasma antioxidant capacity (PAT) and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) as biomarkers. A 4-tier oxidative state classification scheme based on d-ROM and PAT thresholds was used to interpret the values. The patient had low antioxidant defense, moderate oxidative and increased OSI at relapses, a positive transition to reduced oxidative burden and enhanced defense during remission. The order of events showed a dynamic redox response associated with glucocorticoid (GC) medication and disease activity. The potential value of d-ROM, PAT, and OSI as dynamic biomarkers for tracking disease activity, response to treatment and residual oxidative burden in pediatric INS is supported by this case. To confirm their function in more comprehensive clinical decision-making, more research is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T14:27:51Z","timestamp":1766586471000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Changes in Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in a Child with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1839-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u0161ko","family":"Osredkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, A\u0161ker\u010deva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9984-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Kopa\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohori\u010deva 20, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396318666220314142713","article-title":"Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatrics: An Up-to-date","volume":"18","author":"Burini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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