{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:57:41Z","timestamp":1766710661941,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we employed nanopore whole genome sequencing to analyze the resistance genes, genomic islands and prophage DNA in two multidrug resistant E. rhusiopathiae strains, i.e., 670 and 147, isolated from domestic geese. MLST profiles and core-genome phylogeny were determined to assess strain relatedness. In strain 670 (serotype 8, ST 113), a novel 53 kb prophage \u03c6Er670 carrying the lnuB and lsaE resistance genes was identified. Regions highly homologous to the \u03c6Er670 prophage were detected in 36 of 586 (6.14%) publicly available E. rhusiopathiae genomes, as well as in some other Gram-positive bacteria, and usually contained resistance genes. E. rhusiopathiae strain 147 (serotype 5, ST 243) was found to contain a composite 98 kb genomic island (GI_Er147) carrying the ant(6)-Ia and spw genes, as well as gene encoding a putative lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase designated lnu(J) and a vat family gene encoding a putative streptogramin A O-acetyltransferase. The lnu(J) gene exhibited 83.6% homology to the lnu(D) gene, and lnu(J)-positive E. rhusiopathiae strains displayed intermediate susceptibility to lincomycin. Vat-positive strain 147 and vat-negative E. rhusiopathiae strains showed similar susceptibility to quinupristin\/dalfopristin. The presence of the Tn916 transposon carrying the tetM gene was confirmed in the genomes of both E. rhusiopathiae strains; in strain 147, however, Tn916 was located within ICEEr1012. Based on analyses of additional E. rhusiopathiae genomes, the integration sites of Tn916, ICEEr1012, and GI_Er147 were identified as genomic \u201chot spots,\u201d contributing to the genome plasticity of E. rhusiopathiae. Prophage \u03c6Er670 and GI_Er147 as well as the Tn916 transposon and ICEEr1012 are most likely responsible for the dissemination of resistance genes in E. rhusiopathiae. Prophages highly homologous to \u03c6Er670 act as carriers of resistance genes in various Gram-positive bacteria. However, the transferability of the identified genetic elements and the functional role of the lnu(J) gene require further investigation. This study provides new insights into the diversity of MGEs in E. rhusiopathiae and advances understanding of the genomic mechanisms driving antimicrobial resistance in Gram-positive bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:50:21Z","timestamp":1766710221000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prophage \u03c6Er670 and Genomic Island GI_Er147 as Carriers of Resistance Genes in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Dec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0758-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldert L.","family":"Zomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective\/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian J.","family":"Broekhuizen-Stins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Urban-Chmiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Whitman, W.B. 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