{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:07:05Z","timestamp":1787594825993,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-16-20069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-16-20069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in veterinary medicine worldwide. Given that farm animals are considered to be among the sources of infectious disease pathogens in humans, studying the genetic diversity of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from them and identifying strains that are potentially pathogenic to humans is a primary research task nowadays. The current paper provides a comprehensive characterization of 4 Escherichia coli strains that caused colibacillosis in farm animals. Along with a description of morphological and biochemical characteristics, data on antibiotic sensitivity are presented, and a multiple antibiotic resistance index is calculated. In order to identify the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), whole-genome sequencing was performed, followed by phylogenetic analysis and identification of antibiotic resistance genes. It is shown that the studied strains possess genetic determinants of virtually all major molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, a significant number of which are phenotypically expressed. The pronounced potential for acquiring new variants of resistance, in combination with the strains\u2019 virulence potential, determines the etiological significance of the E. coli isolates in relation to both farm animals and human beings. A comparison of the results obtained with other researchers\u2019 data indicates a coincidence in the trends of the multiple antibiotic-resistant strains spread in different countries and points to the need for the development and implementation of a unified global strategy to combat AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1766986099000},"page":"305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic Basis of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Livestock Complexes in Krasnodar Krai, Russia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tishchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education \u201cKuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin\u201d, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Shumkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3324-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Kazakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Tarasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Karpov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Kopyltsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education \u201cKuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin\u201d, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Goncharenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeineldin, M., Aldridge, B., and Lowe, J. (2019). Antimicrobial Effects on Swine Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Their Accompanying Antibiotic Resistome. Front. 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