{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:13:00Z","timestamp":1778775180474,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we present genetic studies of apolipoproteins associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the frontal cortex after ischemia and discuss their involvement in the development of neurodegeneration. Gene expression was assessed using an RT-PCR protocol at 2, 7, and 30 days and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after an episode of 10 min total cerebral ischemia. ApoA1 expression (encoding apolipoprotein A1) in the ischemic frontal cortex was lower than control values after 2 days, 6 and 12 months, while its overexpression was observed after 7 and 30 days and 18 and 24 months. In the case of ApoE (encoding apolipoprotein E) expression, it was lower than control values after 2 and 30 days and after 6 months; in the remaining periods after ischemia, the expression was above control values. A similar expression pattern after ischemia was revealed for ApoJ (encoding apolipoprotein J). The data indicate that the observed changes in gene expression may reflect the activation and inhibition of various pathological processes involved in the development of post-ischemia neurodegeneration. Thus, overexpression of ApoA1 may be associated with the induction of neuroprotective mechanisms, whereas increased expression of ApoE may have harmful effects. Regarding the overexpression of ApoJ, the data indicate a dual behavior: in the early stages after ischemia, it has a protective effect, whereas in the later stages, it participates in the progression of neurodegenerative processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1766986099000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alterations of Apolipoprotein A1, E, and J Genes in the Frontal Cortex in an Ischemic Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease with 2-Year Survival"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"Pluta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"U\u0142amek-Kozio\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Kocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bogucka-Kocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8683-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Bogucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw J.","family":"Czuczwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102481","article-title":"Pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Breaking the memory barrier","volume":"101","author":"Kamatham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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