{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:30:33Z","timestamp":1792524633285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Personalized treatment strategies for seminoma, a germ cell tumor, are crucial due to inherent tumor heterogeneity. Existing in vitro models often inadequately represent the native tumor microenvironment. Ex vivo organ culture (EVOC) offers a potential solution by preserving the tumor\u2019s original architecture and cellular interactions. This study presents the pilot study for adaptation of the EVOC platform specifically for non-metastatic seminoma, focusing on short-term tissue maintenance and an assessment of viability markers, examining intraoperative biopsies from 12 patients with non-metastatic seminoma (cT1\u20132, cN0\u20133, M0) undergoing orchifuniculectomy. Tissues were cultured in DMEM\/F12 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on days 0, 3, 7, and 10. We analyzed the proliferative index (PI), using Ki-67; total cell number (OCN); and tumor cell number (TCN; PLAP-positive cells). The area under the curve (AUC) for PI was calculated to evaluate tumor viability. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc tests. Histological examination confirmed the preservation of the native seminoma histoarchitecture up to day 7. OCN showed a median decrease of 32.6% on day 7 (p = 0.002) and 55.1% on day 10 (p = 0.0004) compared with the baseline. TCN showed a median decrease of 27.5% on day 7 (p = 0.0033) and 53.2% on day 10 (p = 0.00018) compared with the baseline. The PI decreased significantly from day 3 to day 10 (p &lt; 0.05). The AUC for PI was identified as a representative marker of tumor viability. An \u201cEVOC score\u201d calculation method was proposed to compare the effects of different treatments. This proof-of-concept work confirms that seminoma tissue can be maintained ex vivo for up to ten days under optimized conditions. The EVOC system developed here will serve as a methodological basis for further improving culture stability and exploring its broader applications in tumor biology and pharmacological testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1767198863000},"page":"452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conceptualization of an Ex Vivo Organ Culture (EVOC) Model for Human Seminoma: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-2600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigory","family":"Demyashkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Oncomorphology, National Medical Research Centre of Radiology, 2nd Botkinsky Pass., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8\/2, 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3763-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Shchekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Oncomorphology, National Medical Research Centre of Radiology, 2nd Botkinsky Pass., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7170-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Parshenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Oncomorphology, National Medical Research Centre of Radiology, 2nd Botkinsky Pass., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Shegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Oncomorphology, National Medical Research Centre of Radiology, 2nd Botkinsky Pass., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Kaprin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Oncomorphology, National Medical Research Centre of Radiology, 2nd Botkinsky Pass., 3, 125284 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Weinberg, R.A. 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