{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:44:16Z","timestamp":1776469456670,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CF-2023-I-1040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-1040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fomento a la investigaci\u00f3n 2024-CUValles","award":["CI-FI\/19\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI-FI\/19\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetic variation in PNPLA3 influences liver fat accumulation and hepatocellular injury in various liver diseases. However, the role of PNPLA3 intronic polymorphisms in hepatic damage among hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association of three intronic PNPLA3 polymorphisms (rs4823173, rs2896019, and rs2281135) with liver injury in HCV-infected patients with spontaneous HCV clearance (SC) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A total of 218 HCV-positive individuals were classified into SC (n = 64) or CHC (n = 154) groups. PNPLA3 genotypes were determined by qPCR using TaqMan probes and liver damage through serum markers, noninvasive index, and liver stiffness. Among SC patients, the genotypes AA-rs4823173, GG-rs2896019, and AA-rs2281135 were associated with higher AST, ALT, and APRI, as well as decreased platelet counts, compared with patients homozygous for the non-risk genotypes (p &lt; 0.05). No associations were found in CHC patients. The three polymorphisms were in perfect linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 1). The risk haplotype AGA was associated with higher AST and ALT, as well as lower platelet counts (p &lt; 0.05) in SC patients. PNPLA3 intronic polymorphisms and their association with serum liver injury markers could help identify hepatic injury in HCV-negative patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linked Intronic Polymorphisms of the PNPLA3 Gene Are Associated with Serum Markers of Liver Injury in Patients with Spontaneous HCV Clearance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5129-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Gonzalez-Aldaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3060-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Torres-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4784-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Panduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. 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