{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:08:06Z","timestamp":1792084086665,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35 GM134910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM134910"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP180771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP180771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Baylor University Undergraduate Research Scholar Award"},{"name":"Presidential Research Professorship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An unmet challenge in managing breast cancer is treatment failure due to resistance to apoptosis-inducing chemotherapies. Thus, it is important to identify novel non-apoptotic therapeutic agents. Several non-apoptotic programmed cell death pathways utilize specific cellular signaling events to trigger lytic and pro-inflammatory cell death, examples of which are pyroptosis and necroptosis. Our study illustrates that ophiobolin A (OpA) is an anti-cancer agent that triggers lytic cell death in breast cancer cells, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study reveals that OpA induces typical pyroptosis-like characteristics, including cellular swelling, plasma membrane rupture, GSDMD cleavage, and release of cytokines in breast cancer cells. However, the additional involvement of RIPK1 and induction of RIPK3 clustering in select cell lines suggest that multiple pathways may be triggered upon OpA treatment. The induction of pro-inflammatory cell death suggests potential applications for OpA in cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:34:21Z","timestamp":1767789261000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gasdermin D Cleavage and Cytokine Release, Indicative of Pyroptotic Cell Death, Induced by Ophiobolin A in Breast Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Santhalakshmi","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1761-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolulope","family":"Ojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alagu","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2041-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kornienko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Boari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sciences and Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Evidente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Sciences, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Lauren","family":"Benton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, B., Greer, Y., Lipkowitz, S., and Takebe, N. (2019). Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081087"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd726","article-title":"Apoptosis-based therapies","volume":"1","author":"Reed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2015.03.003","article-title":"The fate of chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)","volume":"3","author":"Gubbins","year":"2015","journal-title":"BBA Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2012.00845.x","article-title":"Programmed cell death pathways in cancer: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis","volume":"45","author":"Ouyang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01153-w","article-title":"Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023","volume":"30","author":"Vitale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-071719-022748","article-title":"Genetic Regulation of RIPK1 and Necroptosis","volume":"55","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00579-w","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A cell death connecting oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson, S., Dharan, A., V, J.P., Pal, S., Nair, B.G., Kar, R., and Mishra, N. (2023). Paraptosis: A unique cell death mode for targeting cancer. Front. Pharmacol., 14, Correction in Front. Pharmacol. 2023, 14, 1274076.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1159409"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01370-9","article-title":"Targeting pyroptosis in breast cancer: Biological functions and therapeutic potentials on It","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00349-0","article-title":"The casp-3\/GSDME signal pathway as a switch between apoptosis and pyroptosis","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.038","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS promotes susceptibility to infection via gasdermin D-mediated necroptosis","volume":"185","author":"Weindel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00765-9","article-title":"PANoptosis: Bridging apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in cancer progression and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14629","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181214629","article-title":"Bio-activity and dereplication-based discovery of ophiobolins and other fungal secondary metabolites targeting leukemia cells","volume":"18","author":"Bladt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.0c02938","article-title":"Pharmacophore-Directed Retrosynthesis Applied to Ophiobolin A: Simplified Bicyclic Derivatives Displaying Anticancer Activity","volume":"22","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2019.02.007","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of ophiobolin A and its congeners","volume":"29","author":"Masi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NP00002H","article-title":"Therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer stem cells and effects of natural products","volume":"40","author":"Reisenauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e561","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.85","article-title":"Ophiobolin A induces paraptosis-like cell death in human glioblastoma cells by decreasing BKCa channel activity","volume":"4","author":"Bury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.3858","article-title":"Ophiobolin A, a sesterpenoid fungal phytotoxin, displays different mechanisms of cell death in mammalian cells depending upon the cancer cell origin","volume":"50","author":"Morrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodolfo, C., Rocco, M., Cattaneo, L., Tartaglia, M., Sassi, M., Aducci, P., Scaloni, A., Camoni, L., and Marra, M. (2016). Ophiobolin A Induces Autophagy and Activates the Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167672"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89923-9","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition sensitizes breast cancer cells to cell death via the fungus-derived sesterterpenoid ophiobolin A","volume":"11","author":"Reisenauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40982-z","article-title":"RNAi Screening-based Identification of USP10 as a Novel Regulator of Paraptosis","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.133","article-title":"Plasma membrane changes during programmed cell deaths","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.151","article-title":"Necrostatin-1 blocks both RIPK1 and IDO: Consequences for the study of cell death in experimental disease models","volume":"20","author":"Vandenabeele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.176","article-title":"Necrostatin-1 analogues: Critical issues on the specificity, activity and in vivo use in experimental disease models","volume":"3","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.031","article-title":"Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase","volume":"148","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.56","article-title":"Methylation-dependent loss of RIP3 expression in cancer represses programmed necrosis in response to chemotherapeutics","volume":"25","author":"Koo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22393","article-title":"Chemotherapy drugs induce pyroptosis through caspase-3 cleavage of a gasdermin","volume":"547","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1283","article-title":"Accumulation of cytosolic calcium induces necroptotic cell death in human neuroblastoma","volume":"74","author":"Nomura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crean, D., and Murphy, E.P. (2021). Targeting NR4A Nuclear Receptors to Control Stromal Cell Inflammation, Metabolism, Angiogenesis, and Tumorigenesis. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.589770"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0669-6","article-title":"FDA-approved disulfiram inhibits pyroptosis by blocking gasdermin D pore formation","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01457-y","article-title":"Disulfiram inhibits inflammation and fibrosis in a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model by inhibiting gasdermin D cleavage and pyroptosis","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2023.03.002","article-title":"Regulation of gasdermins in pyroptosis and cytokine release","volume":"158","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02547-2","article-title":"Spotlight on pyroptosis: Role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of ocular diseases","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.100","article-title":"Pyroptosis is driven by non-selective gasdermin-D pore and its morphology is different from MLKL channel-mediated necroptosis","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06013-6","article-title":"Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis is regulated by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation in tumor cells","volume":"14","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112008","article-title":"Gasdermin D pore-forming activity is redox-sensitive","volume":"42","author":"Devant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01470-9","article-title":"Caspases as master regulators of programmed cell death: Apoptosis, pyroptosis and beyond","volume":"57","author":"Dho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-073119-095439","article-title":"Caspases in Cell Death, Inflammation, and Pyroptosis","volume":"38","author":"Kesavardhana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc3465","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc3465","article-title":"Caspase-8-dependent gasdermin D cleavage promotes antimicrobial defense but confers susceptibility to TNF-induced lethality","volume":"6","author":"Demarco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc776","article-title":"Death and anti-death: Tumour resistance to apoptosis","volume":"2","author":"Igney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.03.008","article-title":"How Neutrophils Meet Their End","volume":"41","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-019-01589-x","article-title":"Necroptosis and its role in infectious diseases","volume":"25","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.11.002","article-title":"Checkpoints in TNF-Induced Cell Death: Implications in Inflammation and Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Annibaldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.019","article-title":"The RIP1\/RIP3 necrosome forms a functional amyloid signaling complex required for programmed necrosis","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18590","article-title":"Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the gasdermin family","volume":"535","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, S., Feng, M., and Zhang, S. (2022). Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416115"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.115216","article-title":"Plasticity of cell death pathways ensures GSDMD activation during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection","volume":"44","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2000097","article-title":"RIPK1 Distinctly Regulates Yersinia-Induced Inflammatory Cell Death, PANoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Malireddi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13279","article-title":"PANoptosis: Mechanisms, biology, and role in disease","volume":"321","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christgen, S., Zheng, M., Kesavardhana, S., Karki, R., Malireddi, R.K.S., Banoth, B., Place, D.E., Briard, B., Sharma, B.R., and Tuladhar, S. (2020). Identification of the PANoptosome: A Molecular Platform Triggering Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PANoptosis). Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00237"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03875-8","article-title":"AIM2 forms a complex with pyrin and ZBP1 to drive PANoptosis and host defence","volume":"597","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1021\/jf052843l","article-title":"Herbicidal potential of ophiobolins produced by Drechslera gigantea","volume":"54","author":"Evidente","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6.10.986","article-title":"Real time quantitative PCR","volume":"6","author":"Heid","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197","article-title":"Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression","volume":"14","author":"Patro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love, M.I., Soneson, C., Hickey, P.F., Johnson, L.K., Pierce, N.T., Shepherd, L., Morgan, M., and Patro, R. (2020). Tximeta: Reference sequence checksums for provenance identification in RNA-seq. PLoS Comput. Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007664"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011525","article-title":"Gasdermin D inhibition prevents multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis by blocking NET formation","volume":"138","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2101004","article-title":"Active Release of eCIRP via Gasdermin D Channels to Induce Inflammation in Sepsis","volume":"208","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/2\/618\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T05:25:00Z","timestamp":1767936300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/2\/618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27020618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27020618","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}}}