{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:33:56Z","timestamp":1792557236656,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007045","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Inovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBF-2023-2024-1208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF-2023-2024-1208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The vaginal microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining host health by preserving a balanced microenvironment. Nevertheless, the definition of a \u201cnormal\u201d vaginal microbiome remains controversial, as its composition varies depending on factors such as ethnicity and geographical origin. In most cases, members of the genus Lactobacillus predominate in healthy vaginal microbiomes, protecting against potential pathogens through specific mechanisms such as the secretion of lactic acid and bacteriocins, among others. A reduction in Lactobacillus abundance, accompanied by an increase in anaerobic organisms, predisposes the host to the development of various pathologies. Among these pathologies is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and the subsequent development of cervical cancer. A progressive decline in Lactobacillus has been observed as the lesion advances in different populations worldwide. In the case of the Mexican population, several Lactobacillus have been reported in healthy microbiomes: L. gasseri, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, L. jensenii, L. crispatus, L. delbrueckii, L. acidophilus, and L. brevis. In contrast, genera reported in dysbiosis include Sneathia, while Brevibacterium aureum and Brachybacterium conglomeratum have been associated with HPV16 infection and\/or SIL. The mere presence of some bacteria is not sufficient to modulate the cellular activity of host cells; therefore, the expression, production and activity of different proteins could be affected by the vaginal microbiome. The impact of the microbiome on host cell function is the result of different metabolites produced by the bacteria, which suppress or activate different signaling and metabolic pathways. The molecular interactions between the host and microbiome, as well as their role in cervical carcinogenesis, are still unknown. In this review, we focus on the vaginal microbiome, HPV, and the impact that the interaction of the microbiome with HPV has in cervical cancer development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:56:55Z","timestamp":1767877015000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Vaginal Microbiome and Host Health: Implications for Cervical Cancer Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Lagunas-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncolog\u00eda Molecular, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Diferenciaci\u00f3n Celular y C\u00e1ncer, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s\/n Col. Ej\u00e9rcito de Oriente, Mexico City C.P. 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6782-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Valle-Mendiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncolog\u00eda Molecular, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Diferenciaci\u00f3n Celular y C\u00e1ncer, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s\/n Col. Ej\u00e9rcito de Oriente, Mexico City C.P. 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5115-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Soto-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncolog\u00eda Molecular, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Diferenciaci\u00f3n Celular y C\u00e1ncer, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s\/n Col. Ej\u00e9rcito de Oriente, Mexico City C.P. 09230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00493.x","article-title":"Defining the human microbiome","volume":"70","author":"Ursell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00123.x","article-title":"Role of Microorganisms in the Evolution of Animals and Plants: The Hologenome Theory of Evolution","volume":"32","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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