{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T19:52:56Z","timestamp":1780602776507,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["RS-2022-NR070846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR070846"]}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["RS-2025-24534285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-24534285"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polydopamine (PDA) surface coatings are widely used in biomedical engineering to enhance cell\u2013substrate interactions; however, their effects on cancer-cell behavior remain unclear. In this study, we investigated how PDA-coated two-dimensional (2D) culture surfaces influence oncogenic traits of human prostate cancer (PC) cells in vitro. Using LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cell lines, we found that PDA-coated substrates markedly increased the adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PDA exposure also induced epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT), upregulated cancer stem cell markers (CD44, CD117, CD133, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog), and elevated expression of metastasis- and chemoresistance-associated molecules (MMP-2, MMP-9, MDR1, and MRP1). Mechanistically, PDA coatings enhanced integrin \u03b12\u03b21-associated cell adhesion, accompanied by increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation and downstream activation of JNK signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of integrin \u03b12\u03b21 (BTT-3033), FAK (PF573228) and JNK (SP600125) effectively abrogated PDA-induced malignant phenotypes and restored chemosensitivity to cabazitaxel, cisplatin, docetaxel, curcumin, and enzalutamide. Collectively, these findings identify PDA-coated surfaces as a simple, efficient, and reductionist in vitro platform for studying adhesion-mediated signaling and phenotypic plasticity in PC cells, while acknowledging that further validation in three-dimensional (3D) and patient-derived models will be required to establish in vivo relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T08:09:06Z","timestamp":1767946146000},"page":"655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Polydopamine-Coated Surfaces Promote Adhesion, Migration, Proliferation, Chemoresistance, Stemness, and Epithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro via Integrin \u03b12\u03b21\u2013FAK\u2013JNK Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1930-6045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Hoon","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1980-1871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lata","family":"Rajbongshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Rin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuna","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6198-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon Yeong","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae-Ock","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6828-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongjun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sik","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27503","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b03030","article-title":"Facile Surface Modification Method for Synergistically Enhancing the Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of Poly(ether ether ketone) That Induced Osteodifferentiation","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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