{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:21:57Z","timestamp":1768508517579,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NR072519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR072519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exosomes are important mediators of host\u2013parasite communication and contain diverse molecules that may support the survival of Clonorchis sinensis in the biliary tract. To explore their biochemical properties, exosomes isolated from excretory\u2013secretory products of Korean C. sinensis isolates were characterized through integrated morphological, proteomic, and gene ontology analyses. The vesicles exhibited typical exosomal size ranges and marker profiles, and their protein components were enriched for cytoskeletal, metabolic, and vesicle-trafficking components relevant to epithelial signaling and immune modulation. Among these proteins, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3A (SMPDL3A) was examined in detail to obtain molecular evidence suggesting its role in sphingolipid metabolism in the parasite. The C. sinensis SMPDL3A (Cs_SMPDL3A) shared the overall structure and core catalytic residues with mammalian homologs, SMPDL3A and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1), a finding consistent with the possibility that Cs_SMPDL3A may retain authentic sphingomyelinase activity. Although lacking the saponin B domain of SMPD1, Cs_SMPDL3A carries a C-terminal transmembrane segment that may facilitate sphingomyelin access by positioning the enzyme on lipid bilayers. Collectively, these findings suggest that Cs_SMPDL3A participates in host sphingomyelin turnover, potentially generating ceramide for uptake by SMPD1-lacking C. sinensis or contributing to ceramide-associated immune responses in the biliary tract, offering new insight into lipid-centered host\u2013parasite interactions during clonorchiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:52:17Z","timestamp":1767963137000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic Profiling of an Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle Fraction and Structural Characterization of SMPDL3A in the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Clonorchis sinensis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Seon-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Business Development Foundation, The State University of New York, Korea, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongki","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-An","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.06.007","article-title":"Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis, an update","volume":"61","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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