{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:04:01Z","timestamp":1789707841893,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review investigates the impact of chronic stress on treatment outcomes among cancer patients with divergent survival rates, focusing on breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers. The analysis explores how chronic stress influences molecular pathways and tumor progression while comparing cancers with five-year survival rates above and below 50%. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus for studies published between 2014 and 2025 using combinations of keywords related to \u201cchronic stress,\u201d \u201cpsychological stress,\u201d \u201cpsychotherapy,\u201d and selected cancer types. All studies met the inclusion criteria according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Evidence suggests that chronic stress is associated with the activation of neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms, including \u03b2-adrenergic and glucocorticoid signaling. These multifactorial processes are associated with disease progression and survival, particularly in pancreatic and ovarian cancers; however, these links remain primarily associative rather than causative. Conversely, psychotherapeutic interventions alleviate stress-related biological responses, improve quality of life, and may indirectly enhance therapeutic efficacy. By structuring the evidence around cancers with higher versus lower five-year survival, our review provides a survival informed synthesis of cancer type specific stress biology and stress-mitigating interventions, highlighting potentially targetable pathways and clear evidence gaps for future trials. The findings underscore the need to integrate psychological care into oncological practice to improve overall outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:15:50Z","timestamp":1767968150000},"page":"686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Impact of Chronic Stress on Treatment Outcomes of Cancer Patients with Divergent Survival Rates: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Herbetko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Student Research Group No. SKN148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Kaczor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Student Research Group No. SKN148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4704-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"So\u0142tyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Student Research Group No. SKN148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8166-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kisielewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Student Research Group No. SKN148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Op\u0119chowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Student Research Group No. SKN148, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Sztuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, pl. L. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Haematology Center, pl. L. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8272-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julita","family":"Kulbacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santari\u0161ki\u0173 g. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e328302166a","article-title":"Stress Spectrum Disorders in Oncology","volume":"20","author":"Desaive","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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