{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:38:33Z","timestamp":1768343913521,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-43-02042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-43-02042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper-based catalysts have emerged as promising materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reactions, owing to copper\u2019s unique ability to facilitate multi-electron transfer processes and produce valuable products such as methanol and ethanol. In this study, novel trisferrocenyltrithiophosphite\u2013copper(I) bromide composites with Cu-to-ligand molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 were synthesized and evaluated for their catalytic performance. The composites were characterized by a combination of techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), potentiostatic testing, chromatographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical measurements demonstrated significant current enhancements in the presence of CO2, highlighting the composites\u2019 catalytic activity. Potentiostatic tests revealed excellent stability, with only a 9% decline in current density over 5 h of electrolysis. Product analysis via gas chromatography indicated the formation of methanol for the 1:1 composite and ethanol for the 2:1 composite with Faradaic efficiencies of 5.79% and 9.26%, respectively. While absolute efficiencies remain modest due to competitive hydrogen evolution, these results demonstrate a tunable catalytic performance based on the Cu-to-ligand ratio. SEM and XPS studies further supported the formation of active catalytic centers and changes in the oxidation states of copper during CO2 reduction. PXRD analysis confirmed the retention of structural integrity for both composites before and after catalytic testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:52:57Z","timestamp":1768319577000},"page":"789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trisferrocenyltrithiophosphite-Copper(I) Bromide Composites for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Khrizanforov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4563-2859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Bezkishko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0074-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Samorodnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2203-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruslan","family":"Shekurov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0602-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radis","family":"Gainullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Str., 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Kholin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Str., 420015 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-8904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Yanilkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidar","family":"Gubaidullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4372-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Galushko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8069-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasili","family":"Miluykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102151","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202102151","article-title":"Recent Progresses in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper-Based Catalysts toward Multicarbon Products","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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