{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T02:51:26Z","timestamp":1768359086103,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FWUE-2025-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWUE-2025-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute","award":["121030200272-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121030200272-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Requirements for novel effective antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 emphasizes the importance of robust in vitro screening platforms. We developed a test system based on spike-pseudotyped lentiviruses, carrying either luc+ or EGFP reporter genes as a payload, and a human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line, overexpressing ACE2 (H1299-hACE2). The cell origin makes our system resemble lung epithelium infection. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the spike glycoproteins on the pseudotyped lentiviral particles resemble native SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, thus validating their use in inhibitor screening. H1299-hACE2 cells showed significantly higher infection rate (p &lt; 0.005) with spike-pseudotyped lentiviruses compared to parental H1299 cells, as determined by luciferase and fluorescence assays. The susceptibility of the stable H1299-hACE2 cell line to a broad panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants (Wuhan, Beta, Delta, Omicron) was assessed here for the first time in a unified experimental setting. Infection of H1299-hACE2 cells with SARS-CoV-2 induced cell fusion and syncytium formation with subsequent cell death. The developed pseudovirus-based assay was further used for assessment of the antiviral properties of derivatives of 1,7,7-trimethyl-[2.2.1]-bicycloheptane-potential spike protein inhibitors, which possess moderate activity against lentiviral particles. The H1299-hACE2\/spike-pseudotyped lentivirus assay is, therefore, a reliable, high-efficiency platform for screening spike-mediated entry inhibitors. The cell line obtained during the development of the platform can be used to isolate and study new variants of SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T18:40:09Z","timestamp":1768329609000},"page":"791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Application of a Pseudovirus-Based Assay for Modelling SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mediated Drug Screening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9216-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shokhrukh A.","family":"Khasanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iana L.","family":"Esaulkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandrina S.","family":"Volobueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Slita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7147-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria V.","family":"Kriger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitri","family":"Tentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G-INCPM, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga I.","family":"Yarovaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia S.","family":"Sokolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey N.","family":"Gorshkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. A. Smorodintsev Influenza Research Institute, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna S.","family":"Dolgova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina N.","family":"Lavrentieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5500-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir G.","family":"Dedkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nariman F.","family":"Salakhutdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir V.","family":"Zarubaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102434","article-title":"The Deadly Coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS Pandemic and the 2020 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic in China","volume":"109","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, June 02). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). 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