{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:48:51Z","timestamp":1768589331772,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHRI-11A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-11A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHRI-12A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-12A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHRI-13A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-13A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHRI-14A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-14A1-CG-CO-06-2225-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Research Center","award":["KMU-TC113B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-TC113B02"]}]},{"name":"Department of Neurology at Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital","award":["KMGH-113G015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMGH-113G015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have shown that plasma amyloid-beta oligomers (A\u03b2Os), the toxic form of amyloid-beta (A\u03b2), are a critical issue in the development or worsening of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and can be regarded as a blood marker for screening in dementia. We examined plasma A\u03b2Os with their related biomarkers in a case\u2013control study to clarify these issues. A total of 16 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer\u2019s dementia (AD) and 16 cognitively normal controls (NCs) were recruited to compare their plasma biomarkers, A\u03b2O, A\u03b21-40, and A\u03b21-42, also referring to other parameters like APOE \u03b54 status, Clinical Dementia Rating\u00ae-Sum of Boxes (CDR\u00ae-SB), and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores. In plasma concentrations of A\u03b21-40, A\u03b21-42, and A\u03b2O, the mean concentrations were significantly different between the two groups. There is a significant increase in the concentrations of A\u03b21-40 and A\u03b2O, while A\u03b21-42 is decreased in individuals with AD compared to NC. A\u03b2O was statistically associated with the A\u03b21-40 and A\u03b21-42\/A\u03b21-40 ratio. Higher plasma concentrations of A\u03b2O were significantly associated with AD compared to non-dementia controls. This suggests that A\u03b2Os can be potential plasma biomarkers to screen in AD. However, a study recruiting more individuals is necessary to examine the association, if any.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:47:37Z","timestamp":1768405657000},"page":"846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Plasma Amyloid Beta Oligomer to Screen in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Pin-Chieh","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9304-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1918-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00645-0","article-title":"Current views on meningeal lymphatics and immunity in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Rego","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. 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