{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:59:06Z","timestamp":1789757946840,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder affecting the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, characterized by inflammation caused by T-cell-mediated destruction of basal keratinocytes with the potential for malignant transformation. The exact etiology of the disease remains unclear, but as its symptoms may reduce patient quality of life, various treatment modalities have been proposed, generally based on managing symptoms and controlling disease progression. In this narrative review, we examine both conventional therapies (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, retinoids) and emerging treatment options (photodynamic therapy, low-level laser therapy, and biologics) in terms of their efficacy and limitations. Although corticosteroid therapy remains a cornerstone of treatment, it is not effective in all cases, demonstrating the need to investigate alternative methods; hence, we also present possible future directions for OLP treatment in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:27:53Z","timestamp":1768570073000},"page":"914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Different Approaches to Oral Lichen Planus Treatment: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-2560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Du\u015b-Ilnicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. T. Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Ma\u0142ysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Wellbeing, Health and Environmental Sustainability-BeSSA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Paradowska-Stolarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13590","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis patients\u2019 oral health and disease activity","volume":"22","author":"Richards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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