{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:42:13Z","timestamp":1769028133646,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice","award":["PCN-1-215\/K\/2\/I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN-1-215\/K\/2\/I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The research on cytokine or growth factor (GF) release by leukaemic blasts is a largely unexplored area. This study aimed to evaluate the differential secretory potential of paediatric B-cell precursor and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL and T-ALL, respectively) and acute myeloid leukaemia cells (AMLs) for selected GFs, both basally and upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with ionophore A23187 (PMA + I). The concentrations of five GFs: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the supernatants were measured using the Bio-Plex multiplex immunoassay. AML blasts showed the highest basal concentrations of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and VEGF. PHA and LPS stimulation non-selectively enhanced the secretion of G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, and PDGF in BCP-ALL and AML blasts. PMA + I was the strongest GF release inducer, particularly for BCP-ALL and T-ALL blasts, with the latter also showing higher responsiveness to PHA and LPS. Our findings reveal differential, leukaemia-type dependent GF secretion patterns. Lineage-specific responses may be exploitable for targeted therapeutic approaches for distinct AL types. This study is the first to comprehensively assess the extracellular secretion of multiple GFs by paediatric AL cells in cultures using a Bio-Plex multiplex immunoassay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T09:24:34Z","timestamp":1768901074000},"page":"933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Profiles of Growth Factors Secreted by In Vitro-Stimulated Paediatric Acute Leukaemia Blasts of Myeloid and Lymphoid Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2570-1191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kozub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9118-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Szarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1010-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Szcz\u0119sny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6796-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmara","family":"Jaworska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"M\u0142ynarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Oncology and Haematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3080-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Children\u2019s University Hospital, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczepa\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-4495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenon P.","family":"Czuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"S\u0119dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000536152","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"147","author":"Wachter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28371","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28371","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"68","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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