{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:08:24Z","timestamp":1769724504935,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1002779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1002779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) is a central mediator of inflammatory pathology; thus, the selective suppression of TNF-\u03b1 without causing broad immunosuppression remains a critical therapeutic goal. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential and underlying mechanisms of Dahlia pinnata (D. pinnata) extract in human monocytes and epithelial cells. We demonstrate that D. pinnata extract selectively suppresses basal TNF-\u03b1 expression in THP-1 monocytes and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells, with minimal impact on IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, or IL-10 and without inducing cytotoxicity. The extract also potently attenuated TNF-\u03b1 induction triggered by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Notably, D. pinnata extract exhibited stronger and broader TNF-\u03b1-suppressive effects than dexamethasone, particularly in monocytes where dexamethasone was ineffective under the tested conditions. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the extract suppresses TNF-\u03b1 expression primarily through the inhibition of NF-\u03baB signaling, accompanied by enhanced p38 MAPK activation. Fractionation of the extract identified two active fractions (06 and 07) that robustly suppressed TNF-\u03b1 expression under both basal and stimulated conditions while maintaining low cytotoxicity. These fractions recapitulated the signaling profile of the crude extract by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation and promoting p38 signaling. Collectively, our findings identify D. pinnata as a rich source of bioactive compounds that selectively suppresses TNF-\u03b1 through the coordinated modulation of NF-\u03baB and p38 pathways, highlighting its potential as a scaffold for developing targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27021122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1769159819000},"page":"1122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traditional Medicinal Plant Dahlia pinnata Selectively Suppresses TNF-\u03b1 Expression Through Modulation of NF-\u03baB and p38 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8779-0731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HyeRin","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9362-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongmin","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9017-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9182-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Un-Hwan","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01320","article-title":"Points of control in inflammation","volume":"420","author":"Nathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","article-title":"Origin and physiological roles of inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.503","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"118","author":"Dinarello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1162","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"117","author":"Opal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Italiani, P., and Boraschi, D. 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