{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:37:40Z","timestamp":1789609060475,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina","award":["PIP 2021 #2414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 2021 #2414"]}]},{"name":"Honorio Bigand Foundation, the Williams Foundation and the Ren\u00e9 Bar\u00f3n Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"CONICET","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in breast cancer (BC) progression by actively modulating the tumor microenvironment. We investigated how tumor proximity modifies adipose tissue by analyzing selected adipose-related and prognosis-associated markers in explants from BC patients and healthy donors. Explants were categorized by proximity to the tumor as adjacent (less than 2 cm), distant (over 2 cm), alongside normal explants (controls). FABP4 and vimentin expression was increased in proximity to the tumor, while caveolin-1, CD44, MMP9, and adiponectin showed minimal or no changes. Conditioned media (CM) from adjacent and normal explants were then assessed for their effects on tumorigenic traits in hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Adjacent-CM enhanced migration, induced cytoskeletal remodeling, reduced adhesion, and promoted an elongated, motile phenotype in T47D cells. Poor-prognosis markers (caveolin-1, vimentin, CD44) were upregulated in at least one HR+ BC model, whereas Nanog and KLF4 showed modest variation. In TNBC cells, both normal- and adjacent-CM partially shifted MDA-MB-231 morphology toward a more epithelial-like state, decreasing caveolin-1 levels, while adjacent-CM increased MMP9 expression. Overall, these results reveal that adipose tissue-derived soluble factors exert significant and subtype-dependent effects on BC tumorigenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27021129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1769159819000},"page":"1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microenvironment Modulates Tumorigenicity of Breast Cancer Cells Depending on Hormone Receptor Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4918-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila","family":"Pagnotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Cantilo, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7736-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de C\u00e1lculo (IC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. 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