{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:12:33Z","timestamp":1790273553338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K20049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K20049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25K02830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K02830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), a complex biological process driven by orchestrated bone remodeling, involves osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation in response to mechanical force. Traditionally, OTM-related cell death has been discussed in terms of apoptosis and necrosis. However, recent advances in cell death research have revealed various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) beyond these conventional categories. This review summarizes the current understanding of the diverse RCD pathways and their roles in various cell populations during OTM. It delineates the involvement of distinct RCD mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. On the compression side, these RCD pathways in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, cementoblasts, cementocytes, and bone-related cells actively drive inflammatory responses, promote bone resorption, and contribute to root resorption. Conversely, on the tension side, specific RCD pathways, notably autophagy in the PDL and osteocytes, play crucial roles in promoting osteogenesis and tissue repair. Collectively, cell death is not merely a passive elimination of cells but actively functions as a critical switch for alveolar bone remodeling during OTM. Understanding these multifaceted RCD mechanisms provides novel insights into the biological regulation of tooth movement and identifies potential therapeutic targets for enhancing tooth movement efficiency and mitigating adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27021130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1769159819000},"page":"1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cell Death in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Recent Advances and Emerging Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fumitoshi","family":"Ohori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Kitaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4324-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aseel","family":"Marahleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"},{"name":"Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8053-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8940-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziqiu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kou","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Kanetaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Advanced Dental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62312-8","article-title":"Cell Death: The Significance of Apoptosis","volume":"68","author":"Wyllie","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401724","article-title":"Classification of Cell Death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death","volume":"12","author":"Kroemer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0013-y","article-title":"Oxeiptosis, a ROS-Induced Caspase-Independent Apoptosis-like Cell-Death Pathway","volume":"19","author":"Holze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-019-0134-6","article-title":"Alkaliptosis: A New Weapon for Cancer Therapy","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00653-7","article-title":"Cuproptosis: A Copper-Triggered Modality of Mitochondrial Cell Death","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciesielski, H.M., Nishida, H., Takano, T., Fukuhara, A., Otani, T., Ikegawa, Y., Okada, M., Nishimura, T., Furuse, M., and Yoo, S.K. (2022). Erebosis, a New Cell Death Mechanism during Homeostatic Turnover of Gut Enterocytes. PLoS Biol., 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001586"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31091","article-title":"Programmed Cell Death of Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"238","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617032","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/617032","article-title":"Effect of Cytokines on Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption during Mechanical Force Loading of the Periodontal Membrane","volume":"2014","author":"Kitaura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00125-5","article-title":"Biomechanical and Biological Responses of Periodontium in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Up-Date in a New Decade","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00469.x","article-title":"Cytokine Expression Pattern in Compression and Tension Sides of the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Humans","volume":"115","author":"Garlet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitaura, H., Ohori, F., Marahleh, A., Ma, J., Lin, A., Fan, Z., Narita, K., Murakami, K., and Kanetaka, H. (2025). The Role of Cytokines in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146688"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"100054","article-title":"Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Modulating Bone Remodeling during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"4","author":"Varughese","year":"2025","journal-title":"JADA Found. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"156","article-title":"Mechanobiology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An Update","volume":"12","author":"Maltha","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. World Fed. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01153-w","article-title":"Apoptotic Cell Death in Disease\u2014Current Understanding of the NCCD 2023","volume":"30","author":"Vitale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410000193","article-title":"The Morphology of Apoptosis","volume":"301","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01078-x","article-title":"Diversity and Complexity of Cell Death: A Historical Review","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.10.1924","article-title":"Force-Induced Osteoclast Apoptosis In Vivo Is Accompanied by Elevation in Transforming Growth Factor \u03b2 and Osteoprotegerin Expression","volume":"15","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.117912","article-title":"Osteoclast Clearance from Periodontal Tissues during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"120","author":"Noxon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.113654","article-title":"Detection of Apoptosis during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats","volume":"119","author":"Rana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.10602.x","article-title":"Cell Proliferation and Cell Death in Periodontal Ligaments during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"37","author":"Mabuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Periodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.00663.x","article-title":"Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Cells Induced by Mechanical Stress during Tooth Movement","volume":"7","author":"Hatai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2009.05.012","article-title":"Cyclic Stretching Force Induces Apoptosis in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells via Caspase-9","volume":"54","author":"Hao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01397.x","article-title":"Apoptotic Gene Expression by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Following Cyclic Stretch","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Periodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.22.41","article-title":"Effect of Compression Force on Apoptosis in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"22","author":"Funakoshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hard Tissue Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2319\/011712-45.1","article-title":"Occlusal Hypofunction Causes Periodontal Atrophy and VEGF\/VEGFR Inhibition in Tooth Movement","volume":"83","author":"Hosomichi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12049","article-title":"Evaluation of BSP Expression and Apoptosis in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Relapse: A Preliminary Study","volume":"17","author":"McManus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2018.01.023","article-title":"Micro-Osteoperforations Accelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Stimulating Periodontal Ligament Cell Cycles","volume":"154","author":"Sugimori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugimori, T., Yamaguchi, M., Kikuta, J., Shimizu, M., and Negishi, S. (2024). Micro-Osteoperforations Accelerate Tooth Movement without Exacerbating the Progression of Root Resorption in Rats. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202401.0232.v2"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5466\/ijoms.19.19","article-title":"Vibration Stimuli Accelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement by TNF-\u03b1 and Activating Cell Cycles of PDL","volume":"19","author":"Horigome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brockhaus, J., Craveiro, R.B., Azraq, I., Niederau, C., Schr\u00f6der, S.K., Weiskirchen, R., Jankowski, J., and Wolf, M. (2021). In Vitro Compression Model for Orthodontic Tooth Movement Modulates Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11070932"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c00925","article-title":"Substrate Stiffness Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Cells through Integrin-Linked Kinase ILK","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-019-00205-6","article-title":"Effects of Orthodontic Force Magnitude on Cell Apoptosis and RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis: Studies in a Rat Model","volume":"81","author":"Kaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rath-Deschner, B., Nogueira, A.V.B., Memmert, S., Nokhbehsaim, M., Augusto Cirelli, J., Eick, S., Miosge, N., Kirschneck, C., Kesting, M., and Deschner, J. (2021). Regulation of Anti-Apoptotic SOD2 and BIRC3 in Periodontal Cells and Tissues. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020591"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2023-0002","article-title":"Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Apoptosis and Ferroptosis: Focusing on the Role of Piezo1","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12721","article-title":"A Regulatory Role of Piezo1 in Apoptosis of Periodontal Tissue and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"49","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241262706","article-title":"Periodontal Ligament Cell Apoptosis Activates Lepr+ Osteoprogenitors in Orthodontics","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-013-1167-0","article-title":"Gene Expression Profile of Compressed Primary Human Cementoblasts before and after IL-1\u03b2 Stimulation","volume":"18","author":"Diercke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-014-0237-5","article-title":"Compression of Human Primary Cementoblasts Leads to Apoptosis: A Possible Cause of Dental Root Resorption?","volume":"75","author":"Diercke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1740-4","article-title":"Inhibition of AXUD1 Attenuates Compression-Dependent Apoptosis of Cementoblasts","volume":"20","author":"Korb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5466\/ijoms.16.31","article-title":"Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis by Compressive Force Induces RANKL in Cementoblasts","volume":"16","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2018.48.4.253","article-title":"Effect of Caspases and RANKL Induced by Heavy Force in Orthodontic Root Resorption","volume":"48","author":"Minato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9710","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16920","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1-alpha Acts as a Bridge Factor for Crosstalk between ERK1\/2 and Caspases in Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis of Cementoblasts","volume":"25","author":"Yong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2319\/071116-541.1","article-title":"Cementocyte Cell Death Occurs in Rat Cellular Cementum during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"87","author":"Matsuzawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.116139","article-title":"Orthodontic Tooth Movement Alters Cementocyte Ultrastructure and Cellular Cementum Proteome Signature","volume":"153","author":"Chavez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230010021","article-title":"Cell Death of Osteocytes Occurs in Rat Alveolar Bone during Experimental Tooth Movement","volume":"70","author":"Hamaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12366","article-title":"Orthodontically Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis under Different Force Magnitudes in Rats: An Immunohistochemical Study","volume":"125","author":"Kassem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501006","article-title":"Fluid Shear Stress Inhibits TNF\u03b1-Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis","volume":"85","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509334649","article-title":"CTGF and Apoptosis in Mouse Osteocytes Induced by Tooth Movement","volume":"88","author":"Sakai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.2319\/110713-813.1","article-title":"Osteocyte Death during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice","volume":"84","author":"Moin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-021-00366-4","article-title":"The Role of Inhibition of Osteocyte Apoptosis in Mediating Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Periodontal Remodeling: A Pilot Study","volume":"22","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14191","article-title":"Necroptosis and Its Role in Inflammation","volume":"517","author":"Pasparakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500307","article-title":"Compressive Force Induces Osteoblast Apoptosis via Caspase-8","volume":"85","author":"Goga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"2568","article-title":"Effects of Tensile Forces on Serum Deprivation-Induced Osteoblast Apoptosis: Expression Analysis of Caspases, Bcl-2, and Bax","volume":"125","author":"Xuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4732","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.9.4732","article-title":"Effect of IL-12 on TNF-\u03b1-Mediated Osteoclast Formation in Bone Marrow Cells: Apoptosis Mediated by Fas\/Fas Ligand Interaction","volume":"169","author":"Kitaura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.07.079","article-title":"IL-12 Inhibits TNF-\u03b1 Induced Osteoclastogenesis via a T Cell-Independent Mechanism in Vivo","volume":"45","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-005-0641-4","article-title":"Experimental Model of Tooth Movement by Orthodontic Force in Mice and Its Application to Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Deficient Mice","volume":"24","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.07.006","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of IL-12 on Experimental Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Mice","volume":"57","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-17-0218","article-title":"Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in TNF\u03b1 and IL6 Gene Knockout Mice Is Regulated by Different Mechanisms","volume":"60","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143137","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143137","article-title":"Ovariectomy Induces Bone Loss via Microbial-Dependent Trafficking of Intestinal TNF+ T Cells and Th17 Cells","volume":"131","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.11.009","article-title":"Enhancement of Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Ovariectomized Mice","volume":"17","author":"Nara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinjo, R., Kitaura, H., Ogawa, S., Ohori, F., Noguchi, T., Marahleh, A., Nara, Y., Pramusita, A., Ma, J., and Kanou, K. (2022). Micro-Osteoperforations Induce TNF-\u03b1 Expression and Accelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement via TNF-\u03b1-Responsive Stromal Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23062968"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2025.02.017","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effects for Root Resorption in Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Micro-Osteoperforations in Mice","volume":"20","author":"Ndemuweda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.08.013","article-title":"Osteoprotective Effects of IL-33\/ST2 Link to Osteoclast Apoptosis","volume":"185","author":"Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211009471","article-title":"Cigarette Smoke Exposure Inhibits Osteoclast Apoptosis via the mtROS Pathway","volume":"100","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00562-w","article-title":"Autophagy Genes in Biology and Disease","volume":"24","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2186112","article-title":"The Role of Autophagy in Bone Metabolism and Clinical Significance","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06154-8","article-title":"Autophagy: Regulator of Cell Death","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0049","article-title":"Compressive Force-induced Autophagy in Periodontal Ligament Cells Downregulates Osteoclastogenesis during Tooth Movement","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodont."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104960","article-title":"Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces the Decline of Bone Density during Orthodontic Tooth Movement of Mice","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.02.005","article-title":"Role of Autophagy in the Periodontal Ligament Reconstruction during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.01.027","article-title":"Roles of Autophagy in Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"159","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, N., He, D., Ma, Y., Su, J., Wu, X., Cui, S., Li, Z., Zhou, Y., Yu, H., and Liu, Y. (2021). Force-Induced Autophagy in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Modulates M1 Macrophage Polarization via AKT Signaling. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.666631"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., Peng, C., Du, Y., Li, Q., and Yang, K. (2024). Effect of Autophagy on Aging-Related Changes in Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. BMC Oral Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04549-3"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-019-03063-1","article-title":"Autophagy in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts under Biomechanical Loading","volume":"378","author":"Memmert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-019-00197-3","article-title":"Regulation of the Autophagy-Marker Sequestosome 1 in Periodontal Cells and Tissues by Biomechanical Loading","volume":"81","author":"Memmert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayr, A., Marciniak, J., Eggers, B., Blawat, K., Wildenhof, J., Bastos Craveiro, R., Wolf, M., Deschner, J., J\u00e4ger, A., and Beisel-Memmert, S. (2021). Autophagy Induces Expression of IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Under Mechanical Load and Overload and Effects Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.716441"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983862","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2983862","article-title":"Autophagy Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Induced by Orthodontic Tension","volume":"2022","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13054","article-title":"Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 Interlinks Autophagy and Signaling to Promote Osteogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Periodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13561","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13561","article-title":"Effects of Tension on Mitochondrial Autophagy and Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells","volume":"57","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Liu, H., Guo, R., Han, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Y., Jia, L., and Li, W. (2021). Long Non-Coding RNA FER1L4 Mediates the Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Orthodontic Compressive Force via AKT\/FOXO3 Pathway. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.631181"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.5000","article-title":"Role of Integrin-linked Kinase in Static Compressive Stress-induced Autophagy via Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"48","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-021-00358-3","article-title":"Role of Chaperone-Assisted Selective Autophagy (CASA) in Mechanical Stress Protection of Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"83","author":"Salim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24-5944","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202405944","article-title":"Rho Kinases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Autophagy Regulation by Pressure in Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"35","author":"Hardt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.151131","article-title":"Biomechanically Induced Regulation of Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 in Periodontal Cells and Tissues","volume":"742","author":"Mannes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorice, M. (2022). Crosstalk of Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091479"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9847","article-title":"Dynamic Study into Autophagy and Apoptosis during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14296","article-title":"Apocynin Inhibits Compressive Force-induced Apoptosis and Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115391","article-title":"Sanhuang Decoction Inhibits Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway","volume":"166","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"4367","article-title":"Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Autophagy and Hippo-Yes-Associated Protein Pathway of Orthodontic Periodontal Ligament Cells in Mice","volume":"37","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300328","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300328","article-title":"Biomimetic Periodontal Ligament Transplantation Activated by Gold Nanoparticles Protects Alveolar Bone","volume":"12","author":"Zong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502066","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202502066","article-title":"Biomimetic-Engineered Hydrogels Prevent Orthodontic Root Resorption","volume":"35","author":"Zong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0806","article-title":"Compressive Force Regulates Cementoblast Migration via Downregulation of Autophagy","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodont."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22120","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101589R","article-title":"Compressive Force-induced LincRNA-p21 Inhibits Mineralization of Cementoblasts by Impeding Autophagy","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31075","article-title":"Autophagy Mediates Cementoblast Mineralization under Compression through Periostin\/\u0392-catenin Axis","volume":"238","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2024.03.009","article-title":"Orthodontic Tension Promotes Cementoblast Mineralization by Regulating Autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70446","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202403234RR","article-title":"Compression Force Regulates Cementoblast Mineralization via S1PR1\/Mitophagy Axis","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2020.108594","article-title":"Osteocytes Promote Osteoclastogenesis via Autophagy-Mediated RANKL Secretion under Mechanical Compressive Force","volume":"694","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Xia, M., Sun, L., Wang, H., and Zhang, W.-B. (2022). Osteocytes Enhance Osteogenesis by Autophagy-Mediated FGF23 Secretion Under Mechanical Tension. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.782736"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.09.034","article-title":"Orthodontic Loading Activates Cell-Specific Autophagy in a Force-Dependent Manner","volume":"161","author":"Jacox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22627","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202200447RR","article-title":"Compressive Force Regulates Orthodontic Tooth Movement via Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., Sun, X., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Gan, Z., Zhang, Z., Chen, X., and Cao, Y. (2023). Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-\u03baB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy. Bioengineering, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10030365"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.31.147","article-title":"Alterations between Autophagy and Apoptosis in Alveolar Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Orthodontic Force and Their Effects on Osteogenesis","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hard Tissue Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"3074","article-title":"Lithium Chloride Promotes Osteogenesis and Suppresses Apoptosis during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Osteoporotic Model via Regulating Autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01936-3","article-title":"Pro-Inflammatory Programmed Cell Death","volume":"9","author":"Cookson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.004","article-title":"Decoding Toll-like Receptors: Recent Insights and Perspectives in Innate Immunity","volume":"57","author":"Kawai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.002","article-title":"DAMPs and DAMP-Sensing Receptors in Inflammation and Diseases","volume":"57","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12287","article-title":"Pyroptotic Cell Death Defends against Intracellular Pathogens","volume":"265","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15541","article-title":"Caspase-11 Cleaves Gasdermin D for Non-Canonical Inflammasome Signalling","volume":"526","author":"Kayagaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0228-2","article-title":"The Gasdermins, a Protein Family Executing Cell Death and Inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Broz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Ling, J., and Jiang, Q. (2021). Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.691013"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.2319\/100508-519R.1","article-title":"Changes of Caspase-1 after the Application of Orthodontic Forces in the Periodontal Tissues of Rats","volume":"79","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-019-0092-2","article-title":"Mechanical Regulation of Macrophage Function\u2014Cyclic Tensile Force Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent IL-1\u03b2 Secretion in Murine Macrophages","volume":"39","author":"Maruyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14365","article-title":"Contribution of Diabetes Mellitus to Periodontal Inflammation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00268-7","article-title":"Force-Induced Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis Regulates Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, H., Yang, G., Zhu, Y., He, X., Yang, L., Hu, Y., and Zheng, L. (2025). Mechanical Force Triggers Macrophage Pyroptosis and Sterile Inflammation by Disrupting Cellular Energy Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073321"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13258","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates M1 Macrophage Polarization and IL-1\u03b2 Production in Inflammatory Root Resorption","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13914","article-title":"NLRP3-mediated Periodontal Ligament Cell Pyroptosis Promotes Root Resorption","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04216-6","article-title":"Human Dental Follicle Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Reduce Root Resorption by Inhibiting Periodontal Ligament Cell Pyroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.018","article-title":"HDAC9-Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: An Iron-Dependent Form of Nonapoptotic Cell Death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Mechanisms, Biology and Role in Disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2298-2","article-title":"Ferroptosis: Past, Present and Future","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15303","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A New Challenge and Target in Oral Diseases","volume":"31","author":"Jiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18231","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18231","article-title":"GPX4-mediated Bone Ferroptosis under Mechanical Stress Decreased Bone Formation via the YAP-TEAD Signalling Pathway","volume":"28","author":"Mengjia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Z., Li, S., You, L., Lan, Y., Zhong, Y., Ma, Y., Xu, J., and Xu, X. (2024). Single-Cell Sequencing Decodes the Secrets of the RAP Phenomenon of Corticotomy. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1397727"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, C., and He, H. (2024). The Potential Regulatory Role of Ferroptosis in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413617"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio711","article-title":"Chemical Inhibitor of Nonapoptotic Cell Death with Therapeutic Potential for Ischemic Brain Injury","volume":"1","author":"Degterev","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.162","article-title":"The Danger from within: Alarmins in Arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Nefla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","article-title":"DAMP-Sensing Receptors in Sterile Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04697-8","article-title":"Osteocyte Necroptosis Drives Osteoclastogenesis and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"15","author":"Ohori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700405","article-title":"An Anti-c-Fms Antibody Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement","volume":"87","author":"Kitaura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/2\/1130\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:25:34Z","timestamp":1769160334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/2\/1130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27021130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27021130","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]}}}