{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:00:27Z","timestamp":1769796027149,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Federal Scientific-technical program for genetic technologies development for 2019\u20132030, agreement N 075-15-2025-518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Federal Scientific-technical program for genetic technologies development for 2019\u20132030, agreement N 075-15-2025-518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegeneration is closely linked to neuroinflammation and is frequently accompanied by comorbidities with inflammatory features. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are known to play an important role in innate immunity and inflammatory signaling in various tissues and organs of the body, including the central nervous system. Among the main cell types of the brain, TRIMs\u2019 functions in microglia are largely associated with the regulation of intracellular inflammatory signaling, while in neurons they mainly relate to cell survival and oxidative stress. Data concerning TRIMs\u2019 activity in astrocytes remain limited. Many TRIM proteins exert similar pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in neuroinflammation and in other inflammatory disorders in the body, although for some members their roles are reported to be opposite, contradictory, or insufficiently characterized, highlighting the need for further research. The aim of this review was to summarize published data on the common mechanisms of TRIMs\u2019 actions as modulators of inflammation, and compare available reports in the context of neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammatory pathologies. We suggested that such an analysis may be valuable for guiding future research\u2014both by identifying existing gaps in knowledge and by supporting the rational selection of specific TRIM proteins for investigation as therapeutic targets, with careful consideration of their systemic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:16:59Z","timestamp":1769159819000},"page":"1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Roles and Mechanisms of TRIM Family Proteins in Inflammation in the Brain and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3858-4561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Gerasimova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical\u2014Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0660-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa","family":"Kotok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6246-3738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Saltykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1451-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Stepanenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical\u2014Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Eremeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical\u2014Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical\u2014Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2231-6546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Novosadova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical\u2014Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Tarantul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3985-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Nenasheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical\u2014Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terrando, N., and Pavlov, V.A. 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