{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:51:39Z","timestamp":1791658299435,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2016-79668-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2016-79668-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-106943RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-106943RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-140456NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-140456NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Regional Government of Castile and Leon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA030P17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA030P17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Regional Government of Castile and Leon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA129P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA129P20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Regional Government of Castile and Leon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA112P24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA112P24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy of Castile and Leon"},{"name":"University of Salamanca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cerebellar cortex presents a repetitive structure, but the main projecting neurons of this tissue, the Purkinje cells, are not identical and behave differently to various types of injury. Common patterns of neurodegeneration exist, where certain Purkinje cells die earlier than others. By contrast, lobe X of the cerebellum is a particularly resistant structure, independently of the cerebellar disease or damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the survival capability of these especially resistant Purkinje cells are still unknown. In this work, we have used the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse, a model of severe cerebellar degeneration that also reproduces the human disease called childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar atrophy, to study Purkinje cell resistance. After an exhaustive immunochemical analysis of the different subpopulations of Purkinje cells, the Heat Shock Protein 25 (HSP25) and its phosphorylated version HSP25-P-Ser15 were found to be especially induced in lobe X of PCD mice. As this protein has neuroprotective properties, it may be responsible for resistance against cerebellar neurodegeneration. Taking into account the constant resistance of lobe X, the use of HSP25 may lead to new possibilities for achieving natural protection both in cerebellum and in other brain structures, or even for developing future neuroprotective therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1769164894000},"page":"1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HSP25 and HSP25-P-Ser15 Prompt Innate Neuroprotection in Lobe X of the Cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9010-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"P\u00e9rez-Revuelta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2512-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo G.","family":"T\u00e9llez de Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3855-0898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria L.","family":"Cabedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2887-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Weruaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900970204","article-title":"The morphogenesis and adult pattern of the lobules and fissures of the cerebellum of the white rat","volume":"97","author":"Larsell","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123237","article-title":"Morphology, molecular codes, and circuitry produce the three-dimensional complexity of the cerebellum","volume":"23","author":"Sillitoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10522","article-title":"Patterned Purkinje cell degeneration in mouse models of Niemann-Pick type C disease","volume":"456","author":"Sarna","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/anatomia2010005","article-title":"Lobe X of the Cerebellum: A Natural Neuro-resistant Region","volume":"2","author":"Weruaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anatomia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.1.208","article-title":"Purkinje cell degeneration, a new neurological mutation in the mouse","volume":"73","author":"Mullen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100540","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018100540","article-title":"Loss of tubulin deglutamylase CCP1 causes infantile-onset neurodegeneration","volume":"37","author":"Shashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-019-0400-y","article-title":"Biallelic variants in AGTPBP1, involved in tubulin deglutamylation, are associated with cerebellar degeneration and motor neuropathy","volume":"27","author":"Sheffer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61198","article-title":"Biallelic variant in AGTPBP1 causes infantile lower motor neuron degeneration and cerebellar atrophy","volume":"179","author":"Karakaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.014","article-title":"A family of protein-deglutamylating enzymes associated with neurodegeneration","volume":"143","author":"Rogowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21470-2","article-title":"Cytoskeleton stability is essential for the integrity of the cerebellum and its motor- and affective-related behaviors","volume":"8","author":"Peris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28287","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.246041","article-title":"Purkinje cell degeneration in pcd mice reveals large scale chromatin reorganization and gene silencing linked to defective DNA repair","volume":"286","author":"Casafont","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez, C., Calder\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda, A.A., P\u00e9rez-Boyero, D., Gonz\u00e1lez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, V., Weruaga, E., and D\u00edaz, D. (2025). Specific Glutamylation Patterns of the Cytoskeleton Confer Neuroresistance to Lobe X of the Cerebellum in a Model of Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration with Cerebellar Atrophy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262110378"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90490-8","article-title":"Cerebellar mutations affecting the postnatal survival of Purkinje cells in the mouse disclose a longitudinal pattern of differentially sensitive cells","volume":"124","author":"Wassef","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70329-0","article-title":"Heat shock proteins: A review of the molecular chaperones","volume":"29","author":"Whitley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000117)416:3<383::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Constitutive expression of the 25-kDa heat shock protein Hsp25 reveals novel parasagittal bands of purkinje cells in the adult mouse cerebellar cortex","volume":"416","author":"Armstrong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13671","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408349200","article-title":"Low resolution structural study of two human HSP40 chaperones in solution. DJA1 from subfamily A and DJB4 from subfamily B have different quaternary structures","volume":"280","author":"Borges","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuo, D., Subjeck, J., and Wang, X.Y. (2016). Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front. Immunol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00075"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0086-3","article-title":"Heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation: Kinases, phosphatases, functions and pathology","volume":"66","author":"Kostenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22309","article-title":"Heat shock protein 25 expression and preferential Purkinje cell survival in the lurcher mutant mouse cerebellum","volume":"518","author":"Duffin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8091","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4173-14.2015","article-title":"A murine Niemann-Pick C1 I1061T knock-in model recapitulates the pathological features of the most prevalent human disease allele","volume":"35","author":"Praggastis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, C., Elrick, M.J., Dell\u2019oRco, J.M., Qin, Z.S., Kalyana-Sundaram, S., Chinnaiyan, A.M., Shakkottai, V.G., and Lieberman, A.P. (2016). Heat Shock Protein Beta-1 Modifies Anterior to Posterior Purkinje Cell Vulnerability in a Mouse Model of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease. PLoS Genet., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006042"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-39975-1_2","article-title":"The cellular \u201cnetworking\u201d of mammalian Hsp27 and its functions in the control of protein folding, redox state and apoptosis","volume":"594","author":"Arrigo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/35023595","article-title":"Hsp27 negatively regulates cell death by interacting with cytochrome c","volume":"2","author":"Bruey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203531","article-title":"Hsp27 functions as a negative regulator of cytochrome c-dependent activation of procaspase-3","volume":"19","author":"Pandey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12305","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801291200","article-title":"Hsp27 inhibits Bax activation and apoptosis via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism","volume":"283","author":"Havasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05606.x","article-title":"The interaction of HSP27 with Daxx identifies a potential regulatory role of HSP27 in Fas-induced apoptosis","volume":"926","author":"Charette","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18947","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.18947","article-title":"Regulation of Hsp27 oligomerization, chaperone function, and protective activity against oxidative stress\/tumor necrosis factor alpha by phosphorylation","volume":"274","author":"Rogalla","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3320703","article-title":"Heat-shock protein-25\/27 phosphorylation by the delta isoform of protein kinase C","volume":"332","author":"Maizels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00507-y","article-title":"Mechanisms governing activity-dependent synaptic pruning in the developing mammalian CNS","volume":"22","author":"Faust","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00874.x","article-title":"Programmed cell death in the developing nervous system","volume":"6","author":"Burek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2018.11.007","article-title":"Apoptosis versus axon pruning: Molecular intersection of two distinct pathways for axon degeneration","volume":"139","author":"Geden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01044-3","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide Delays the Dysfunction and Death of Purkinje Cells and Ameliorates Behavioral Defects in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Neurodegeneration","volume":"18","author":"Moutin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(09)90014-2","article-title":"Purkinje cell loss from alternating sagittal zones in the cerebellum of leaner mutant mice","volume":"658","author":"Heckroth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20206","article-title":"The toppler mouse: A novel mutant exhibiting loss of Purkinje cells","volume":"476","author":"Duchala","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-05-01631.2003","article-title":"A mutation in Af4 is predicted to cause cerebellar ataxia and cataracts in the robotic mouse","volume":"23","author":"Isaacs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903550403","article-title":"Spatial and temporal pattern of Purkinje cell degeneration in shaker mutant rats with hereditary cerebellar ataxia","volume":"355","author":"Tolbert","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-010-0208-3","article-title":"On the architecture of the posterior zone of the cerebellum","volume":"10","author":"Marzban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100855","article-title":"Activity-dependent distribution of protein kinase C-delta within rat cerebellar Purkinje cells following unilateral labyrinthectomy","volume":"141","author":"Barmack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003294","article-title":"Protein kinase C delta (PKC delta): Activation mechanisms and functions","volume":"132","author":"Kikkawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112332","article-title":"The protective effect of nnano-selenium against cadmium-induced cerebellar injury via the heat shock protein pathway in chicken","volume":"154","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2025.103995","article-title":"P2X7 receptor augments kainic acid-induced nitrosative stress by abrogating GS-HSP25-mediated iNOS inhibition and GSH synthesis in the mouse hippocampus","volume":"133","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1363.009","article-title":"Thermally induced injury and heat-shock protein expression in cells and tissues","volume":"1066","author":"Rylander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gettinger, K., Lee, D., Negishi, K., and Kurihara, T. (2025). Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Adult Mice with Streptozotocin Comorbidity Leads to Early Retinal Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094385"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22550","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23771-6","article-title":"Cerebellar injury induced by cadmium via disrupting the heat-shock response","volume":"30","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00461.x","article-title":"Nucleolar disruption and cajal body disassembly are nuclear hallmarks of DNA damage-induced neurodegeneration in purkinje cells","volume":"21","author":"Casafont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032736","article-title":"TREM (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells)-1 Inhibition Attenuates Neuroinflammation via PKC (Protein Kinase C) \u03b4\/CARD9 (Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 9) Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice","volume":"52","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/3\/1145\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:42:08Z","timestamp":1769164928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/27\/3\/1145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms27031145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27031145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}}}