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Canonical STAT3 function is mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation, which enables dimerization and transcriptional activation, whereas serine phosphorylation of STAT3 has a postulated role in fine-tuning canonical functions and contributes to non-canonical roles as well. One of the transcriptional targets of STAT3 is the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, itself subject to phosphorylation-dependent regulation. In this study, we investigated the effect of chelidonine, an alkaloid component of Chelidonium majus L., on STAT3\/Bcl-2 signaling in human T leukemia\/lymphoma cells, reported to have numerous effects in common with microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs). Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed that chelidonine transiently increased both serine-phosphorylated STAT3 (pSer-STAT3) and Bcl-2 levels in a distinct subpopulation of cells, with near-complete overlap between the affected cells. This effect appeared at least partially independent of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and was associated with the M-phase of the cell cycle, as indicated by enhanced phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at serine 70 and nuclear morphology characteristic of mitosis. Our study provides the first single-cell evidence that STAT3 and Bcl-2 undergo concurrent serine phosphorylation as a response to chelidonine treatment, with the effect tightly linked to the M-phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T08:14:23Z","timestamp":1769415263000},"page":"1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chelidonine Induces Concurrent Elevation of pSer-STAT3 and Bcl-2 Levels in a Mitotic Subpopulation of Human T-Leukemia\/Lymphoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Saraa","family":"Baddour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Sz\u00f6ll\u0151si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"M\u00e1tyus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"V\u00e1mosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0521-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Csom\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9610-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bodn\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berkley, K., Zalejski, J., and Sharma, A. 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