{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:03:57Z","timestamp":1788397437326,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81660671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and technology plan project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province","award":["202101AZ070001-172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AZ070001-172"]}]},{"name":"High-level Discipline Construction Project of Dai Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["zyzdxk-2023192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyzdxk-2023192"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine Postgraduate Programs","award":["2024SS24014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SS24014"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment","award":["2019DG016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019DG016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with a multifactorial etiology, characterized by dopaminergic neurons being selectively absent in the midbrain. Clinically, PD manifests primarily with core motor symptoms of resting tremor, bradykinesia, and muscle rigidity, and is often accompanied by non-motor symptoms including depression, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Among the extensive relevant research, few have explored the precise pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD, and no curative treatment is available. Current pharmacological therapies mainly provide symptomatic relief by enhancing central dopaminergic function or modulating cholinergic activity; however, their long-term efficacy is frequently constrained by waning therapeutic response, drug tolerance, and adverse reactions. Accumulating evidence suggests that several naturally derived neuroactive compounds\u2014such as gastrodin, uncarin, and paeoniflorin\u2014demonstrate significant potential in combating PD. In this systematic review, we examined original research articles published from 2010 to 2025, retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, using predefined keywords of Parkinson\u2019s disease, neuroprotective herbal compounds, traditional medicine, multi-target mechanisms, natural product, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Studies were included if they specifically investigated the mechanistic actions of natural compounds in PD models. Conference abstracts, review articles, publications not in English or Chinese, and studies lacking clearly defined mechanisms were excluded. Analysis of the available literature reveals that natural neuroactive compounds may exert anti-PD effects through multiple mechanisms, e.g., inhibiting pathological \u03b1-synuclein aggregation, attenuating neuronal apoptosis, suppressing neuroinflammation, mitigating oxidative stress, and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction. This review provides insights that may inform the clinical application of natural bioactive compounds and guide their further development as potential therapeutic candidates against PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1769612686000},"page":"1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Natural Neurobiological Active Compounds in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Molecular Targets, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2401857","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"391","author":"Tanner","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. 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