{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T00:59:03Z","timestamp":1794272343358,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grass pollen allergy has a high prevalence worldwide, making an accurate diagnosis critical in the framework of multifaceted environmental exposures. Our narrative review provides a comprehensive synopsis of component-resolved diagnosis biomarkers for pollen of Pooideae and Chloridoideae grasses, along with practical approaches in European clinical settings. We present a structured overview of allergen components utilized in singleplex, multiparameter, and multiplex IgE immunoassays. Molecular biomarkers have key roles in distinguishing genuine grass pollen sensitization from cross-reactivity and in assessing the risks associated with various IgE sensitization patterns, thereby enabling precise allergy diagnosis and facilitating targeted allergen immunotherapy. Diagnostic algorithms are provided to assist clinicians in making molecular biomarker-based personalized decisions. This tailored approach supports better management of patients with grass pollen sensitizations and allergies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T13:04:46Z","timestamp":1769778286000},"page":"1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Biomarkers in IgE Immunoassays Used for Grass Pollen Allergy Diagnosis in European Clinical Settings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lorena-Mihaela","family":"Gheorghita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-5688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Preda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen-Saviana","family":"Marghidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miruna-Ioana","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana-Raluca","family":"Papacocea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6736-2696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Smolinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6316-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin-Dan","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dramburg, S., Hilger, C., Santos, A.F., de las Vecillas, L., Aalberse, R.C., Acevedo, N., Aglas, L., Altmann, F., Arruda, K.L., and Asero, R. 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