{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:15:35Z","timestamp":1775020535036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive progression, and limited responsiveness to current therapeutic strategies. Although extensive genomic analyses have identified key driver protein-coding genes (PCGs), therapeutic approaches targeting individual genes have shown limited clinical benefit. This limitation highlights the molecular complexity of PC, where tumor progression is governed by regulatory networks that extend beyond genetic alterations. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which constitute nearly 98% of the human genome, have emerged as regulators of gene expression in cancer. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate oncogenic processes, including aberrant signaling activation, tumor microenvironment remodeling, epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, immune evasion, and resistance. Beyond their independent functions, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs form an integrated regulatory network known as the lncRNA\u2013miRNA\u2013mRNA TRIAD, enabling control of gene expression. Such network-based regulation provides a framework for multi-target therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the rapid responsiveness and disease-specific expression patterns of ncRNAs suggest strong potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in PC, where early detection remains challenging. This review summarizes the regulatory roles of PCGs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs in PC and highlights the lncRNA\u2013miRNA\u2013mRNA TRIAD as a framework for understanding gene regulatory networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27031400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:35:46Z","timestamp":1769783746000},"page":"1400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Multi-Target lncRNA\u2013miRNA\u2013mRNA TRIAD in Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7403-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon-su","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4578-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8403-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du Hyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0566-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Young","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8415-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga-ram","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heui-Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Lin, C., and Wang, W. 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