{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:52:31Z","timestamp":1789613551006,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIOHM Health, LLC","award":["BH10074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BH10074"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RO1 AI172944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 AI172944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a major butyrate-producing gut commensal with anti-inflammatory activity, is extremely oxygen-sensitive, limiting its use as a probiotic. Dietary prebiotics may enhance its growth and resilience, thereby influencing host immune responses. This study examined how distinct classes of prebiotics including oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharides, arabinoxylan), nondigestible polysaccharides (inulin, pectin, resistant starch, golden kiwi fiber), and the vitamin riboflavin affect the growth kinetics, bile tolerance, and immunomodulatory properties of F. prausnitzii. Doubling times were quantified in MRS medium supplemented with 0\u20132% prebiotics, bile tolerance was assessed under 0\u20130.5% bile salts, and immunomodulatory response was evaluated by measuring TNF-\u03b1 expression in monocytic THP-1 cells exposed to bacterial supernatants. All prebiotics significantly reduced doubling times compared with controls, with FOSs, inulin, pectin, resistant starch, and riboflavin showing clear dose-dependent stimulation. Prebiotics also mitigated bile-induced growth delays, though with substrate-specific patterns; pectin and FOSs conferred the strongest protection. Culture supernatants significantly altered TNF-\u03b1 expression, with pectin inducing the greatest response, followed by arabinoxylan, FOSs, and golden kiwi fiber. Overall, prebiotics enhanced F. prausnitzii growth, increased stress resilience, and differentially modulated immune-related metabolites. Pectin emerged as a particularly effective substrate for promoting microbial function and host-relevant immunomodulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:16:38Z","timestamp":1770722198000},"page":"1698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Improving Growth Dynamics of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii by Exposure to Prebiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sadia","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle D.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Ghannoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.176","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: From microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics","volume":"11","author":"Duncan","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003101","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-003101","article-title":"Strains of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and its extracts reduce blood glucose levels, percent HbA1c, and improve glucose tolerance without causing hypoglycemic side effects in diabetic and prediabetic mice","volume":"11","author":"Kallassy","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. 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