{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:22:25Z","timestamp":1770834145526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Bio & Medical Technology Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M3E5D3073092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M3E5D3073092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-02293074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02293074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C3012633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C3012633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSIT-2022R1G1A10 09727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSIT-2022R1G1A10 09727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSIT-RS-2023-00219563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSIT-RS-2023-00219563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science & ICT, the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology","award":["2018-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-01"]}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) is increasingly observed in girls. Premature thelarche (PT) and exaggerated thelarche (ET) are early pubertal variants that can be challenging to distinguish from CPP in clinical practice. Exosomal microRNAs are stable biomarkers capable of crossing the blood\u2013brain barrier. Although miR-30b-5p has been reported to increase in pubertal boys and girls, human studies investigating microRNAs in CPP and puberty remain limited. To investigate exosomal microRNA expression profiles and associated pathways in early pubertal development, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 28 girls aged 6\u20138 years. Serum exosomal microRNA expression was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between groups were identified, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Distinct exosomal miRNA expression patterns were observed among the CPP, ET, and control groups, with 307 DEmiRNAs identified. The CPP, PT, and ET groups exhibited distinct miRNA expression profiles compared with the control group. miR-30b-5p was upregulated in the CPP, ET, and PT groups compared with the control group. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of various signaling pathways including AGE\u2013RAGE, MAPK, and mTOR signaling pathways. Serum exosomal microRNAs may serve as biomarkers for early puberty and provide insight into metabolic influences on pubertal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:45:36Z","timestamp":1770831936000},"page":"1742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential microRNA Expression Profiles in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty and Premature Thelarche"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8480-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon Joo","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eu Seon","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye Young","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il Tae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7040-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwal Rim","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.12.022","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Central Precocious Puberty in Korea: An Epidemiologic Study Based on a National Database","volume":"208","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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