{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:07:16Z","timestamp":1772118436045,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jeonbuk Advanced Bio Research & Development Program","award":["2025_IK_A_2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025_IK_A_2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and is a major risk factor for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of cannabigerol-dominant C. sativa inflorescence extracts (CEs) obtained using various ethanol concentrations. The extracts were analyzed by UPLC to determine their major components. Additionally, anti-obesity mechanisms of the extracts were further determined through RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis to evaluate gene and protein expression levels. A total of seven cannabinoids, including cannabigerol as a major constituent, were identified within CE. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was dose-dependently inhibited by CE at all ethanol concentrations. Furthermore, the gene and protein expression levels of key adipogenic and lipogenic markers, such as PPAR\u03b3, C\/EBP\u03b1, SREBP-1c, and FAS, were significantly downregulated by CE treatment. In contrast, the expression of factors involved in lipolysis and white adipose tissue browning, such as HSL, ATGL, UCP1, and PGC-1\u03b1, was markedly increased by CE treatment. These effects were enhanced in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that cannabigerol-dominant C. sativa effectively mitigates obesity by suppressing adipogenesis and lipogenesis while concurrently stimulating lipolysis and white adipose tissue browning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:45:36Z","timestamp":1770831936000},"page":"1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Anti-Obesity Potential of Cannabigerol-Dominant Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescence Extracts via Differential Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ji-Ye","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osoung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9347-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bori","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The One Health Design, Iksan 54575, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3743-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soohyang","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansoo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"The One Health Design, Iksan 54575, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","article-title":"Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years","volume":"377","author":"Collaborators","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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